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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Connective tissue |
A tissue that transport substances around the body |
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Epithelial tissue |
A thin sheet of tightly packed cells that covers body surfaces and lines internal organs and body cavities |
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Nerve tissue |
Specialized tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the body to another |
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Muscle tissue |
A group of specialized tissue containing proteins that can contract and enable the body to move |
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Digestive system purpose |
Break down food into smaller pieces, both mechanically and chemically |
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Digestive system organs and tissues |
Esophagus, gallbladder, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver |
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Why does digestion occur? |
Digestion occurs to obtain energy from food, by breaking it down |
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Tissues in digestive tract |
Epithelial and smooth |
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2 processes in the mouth and how |
Mechanical digestion (teeth and tongue) and chemical digestion (via saliva) |
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Esophagus |
A long muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
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Muscles in esophagus and function |
Smooth muscles; expands and contracts involuntarily to allow the smooth passage of food down in the stomach |
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Peristalsis
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How the food is transferred through the digestive system, like peristaltic waves, mainly in esophagus |
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Heart burn |
When digestive acids from the stomach back up into the esophagus |
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Stomach function |
Holds the food, squishes and mixes it, combining it with digestive acids to break it down |
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Purpose of stomach acid |
Kill bacteria and other microorganisms to make the pH levels neutral |
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2 parts of the intestines |
Small intestine; large intestine |
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Small intestine and function |
Where digestion finishes. Enzymes break down food to the molecular level to pass through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream. |
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Large intestine and function |
Where indigestible food from the small intestine is passed to. The lining of the large intestine absorbs water and waste is removed from the body |
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Constipation |
When too much water is absorbed from the larger intestine |
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Diarrhea |
When not enough water is absorbed from the large intestine |
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Liver |
Secretes a substance called bile, which helps to break down the fats in food |
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Pancreas |
Secretes pancreatic juice, enzymes and produces insulin, which regulates the concentration of glucose in the blood |
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Gall bladder |
Stores the bile produced by the liver. |
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Anus and rectum |
Storage of waste until elimination occurs |
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Diseases: appendicitis |
Caused when a foreign object blocks the appendix. Can cause the appendix to burst and cause infection. |
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Celiac disease |
Caused intolerance of gluten. Usually genetic. |
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Dysentery |
Inflammatory disorder of the intestine that results in severe, watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and nausea. |
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Gallstones |
Small, pebble-like stones in bladder |
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
Caused when digestive acids from the stomach back up into the esophagus |
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Gingivitis |
Inflammation of gums surrounding the teeth |
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Hiatus hernia |
When part of the stomach slides into the esophagus |
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Ulcerative colitis |
When inflammation is present in the lining of the rectum and colon |
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The 4 stages of food processing |
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion |
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Circulatory system (4 factors) |
- Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body, while transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs and waste to the kidneys. - regulated internal temperature of the body - transports hormones - stops infections in the body |
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3 main components of circulatory system |
Blood, heart, blood vessels |
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4 types of tissue in the heart |
Cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, epithelial tissue, and connective tissue |
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Pulse rate |
How many times the heart beats a minute |
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4 substances in blood |
Red blood cell, white blood cell, plasma, platelets |
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Red blood cells |
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by process of diffusion |
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White blood cells |
Fight off infections in the body |
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Platelets |
To clot the blood |
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Plasma |
Protein liquid that carries the blood cells. Transports nutrients, hormones, waste, enzymes, sugar and water |
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2 types of blood |
Red and blue |
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3 types of Blood vessels |
Arteries, veins, capillaries |
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Arteries |
Transport blood to the rest of the body |
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Veins |
Transport blood from the rest of the body to the heart |
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Capillaries |
Very small blood vessel, where the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs |
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Diseases: coronary artery disease |
When the coronary arteries are clogged |
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Angiogram |
Fluorescent dye that is injected so that blockages will show on x ray |
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Heart attack |
When not enough oxygen and nutrients are getting to the heart do the heart tissue starts to die |
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Carotid artery disease |
When the arteries in the neck get blocked with plaque. Can lead to a stroke, since oxygen rich blood cannot get to your brain |
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Peripheral artery disease |
When the arteries leading to your legs, arms and pelvis get blocked with plaque |
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Blood clot disorders |
Diseases that involve the platelets' ability to clot |
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Anemia |
A disease that occurs when you have too little red blood cells |
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Aneurysm |
The rupture or splitting of the arteries |
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Blood pressure |
The pressure of blood hitting against the walls of the artery |
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Systolic pressure |
Pressure against the walls of the artery when the heart is beating |
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Diastolic pressure |
The pressure against the walls of the artery when the heart is resting |
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Respiratory system function |
To inhale oxygen to be used by circulatory system and to exhale carbon dioxide that was used by the cells across the body |
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Nasal cavity |
The entrance and exit to the respiratory system |
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Mucus function |
Filters out foreign material |
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Cilia |
Propels the mucus out of the nose while sneezing |
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Mouth |
Another entrance to the respiratory system |
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Pharynx |
The throat, where the air moves to after going through the nasal cavity or the mouth |
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Larynx |
"Sound box"; where sound is produced |
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Epiglottis |
To prevent from choking |
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Trachea |
A tube that contains ciliated epithelial tissue |
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Ciliated epithelial tissue |
Filter out any foreign material |
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Bronchus |
The initial tube that divulged from the trachea and is the entrance to the lungs |
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Bronchioles |
A network of smaller tubes within the lungs that get smaller and smaller and lead to alveoli |
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Alveoli |
Where gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen take place |
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Asthma |
A lung disease that involves the inflammation and narrowing of airways |
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Pneumonia |
A lung disease that occurs when bacteria moves down the trachea, through the bronchus and into the bronchioles and alveoli |
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Cystic fibrosis |
A hereditary disease that tells the lungs and pancreas to create thick and sticky fluids in the bronchioles and pancreas respectively. Can lead to other respiratory and digestive diseases such as pneumonia and diabetes |
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Musculoskeletal system |
Supports the body, protects delicate organs, makes movement possible. Responsible for protection, blood cell production, and mineral storage |
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Bone |
Support and protect the organs of the body |
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Tendon |
Large inflexible strip of connective tissue. Connects bones to muscles |
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Ligaments |
Long fibres of connective tissue that can stretch. Connect bones to other bones |
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Cartilage |
Semi-bold, flexible connective tissue. Provides strong, flexible, low friction support for bones and other tissue. Serves as shock absorber between joints. |
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Muscle tissue |
Bundles of long cells called muscle fibres that contain specialized proteins capable of shortening/contracting |
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Cardiac muscle |
Found only in the heart. Responsible for making the heart beat |
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Smooth muscle |
Found in the lining of most organs. Moves substances through the organs |
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Skeletal muscles |
Allow for movement of body. Can only pull. |
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The skeleton's 4 roles |
Structure for the body, anchor points for muscles, movement for the body, support for the body |
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Osteoporosis |
Loss of calcium in the bones |
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Arthritis |
Inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sacs between bones) |
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Gout |
Affects toes, fingers and knees |
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Nervous system functions |
- responding to the environment - controlling involuntary movements - voluntary movements - senses - thinking and perceiving the surrounding environment |
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Brain and its function |
Network of nerves that carries messages to the body so that it can interact with itself and its environment. Its function is to control movement, regulate body functions, interpret/respond to sensory input. |
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Spinal cord |
Tramit nerve impulses to and from body |
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Sense organs |
To bring information in so that the brain can process it |
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Central nervous system |
The command system of the body. Thoughts, perceptions, voluntary movements originate here. |
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Cerebrospinal fluid |
Surrounds the brain and spinal cord, helps to cushion from injury, transports chemicals and remove wastes from the brain |
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Peripheral nervous system |
To transmit information in both directions between the body and the CNS |
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Nerve cells |
Aka neuron. Sends electrical signals to the body. Can only transmit electrical signals in one direction |
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Sensory neurons |
Carry information from the body back to the brain/spinal cord |
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Motor neurons |
Carry instructions from the brain/spinal cord to another part of the body |
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Interneurons |
Connects the sensory and motor neurons |
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Dendrites |
Carry signals toward the cell's body, therefore they are receivers of information. Receives stimulation from external environment |
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Axon |
Carries signals away from the cell's body; also an information transmitter. |
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Myelin sheath |
Prevents electrical signals from. Inadvertently going to places they shouldn't |
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Nerves |
Allow information to be transmitted both ways |
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Sensory receptors |
To tell the body what is happening in the outside world |
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Multiple sclerosis |
Where the myelin sheath are destroyed by the immune cells, which results in a loss of nerve function |