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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
WWI (1917-1919) (2) |
Texans viewed involvement in WWI as a progressive crusade; conflict because large German population in Texas (viewed with suspicion) |
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Special Session of 1918 |
Called by Gov Hobby during WWI, passes a number of laws: women vote in primaries, takes right to vote in primaries away from un-naturalized immigrants, ratified the 18th amendment (prohibition) and later the 19th (women's suffrage) |
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Prohibition |
18th amendment; ratified in Special Session of 1918; considered wartime sacrifice/patriotic; authored by Morris Shepherd |
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Women's Suffrage |
19th amendment; ratified in 1919; Texas is the first southern state to ratify; no jury duty for women yet; women can vote |
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1920s (6) |
KEEP GOING, GIRL!!!! |
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KKK |
Important role in state politics in the early 1920s; "decade of the hood, the bonnet, and the little brown jug"; very active in state elections in '22 and '24; do not challenge Pat Neff, rather consider him a friendly neutral; elect Earl Mayfield to US Congress; passed white primary law; unsuccessfully runs against M. Ferguson |
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Pat Neff |
KKK considered him friendly neutral; Gov in 1920 (won with progressive vote); recommended state parks system; favored public service, efficiency, tax reform, health/educator/labor reform; legislative spending on highways and education |
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Earl Mayfield |
KKK elected him to US Senate; RR commissioner; defeated Ferguson in a runoff; high point for KKK |
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Jim Ferguson |
1922 last run for Gov; helps M. Ferguson run; anti-women's suffrage/prohibition |
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White Primary Law |
Primary election law restricts vote to whites in 1923; state law for four years until '27; passed under KKK controlled legislature; overturned for good in '44 |
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Miriam Ferguson |
runs for Gov in 1924; serves single term; corruption in administration; sold pardons to state prisoners to kickbacks from contractors buying full-page ads in Jim Ferguson's newspaper; lost election in '26, but served in '30s; anti-Klan/prohibition/higher education; "Sunbonnet" image; cut state budget and tool money away from UT |
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Nixon v. Herndon |
Strikes down white primary law; state passes law authorizing parties to set own restrictions |
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Herbert Hoover |
First Republican presidential candidate to win a majority of the state's votes in a presidential election |
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Al Smith |
Staunch opponent of prohibition; Catholic; Democratic candidate against Hoover; wins deep south vote |
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1930s (4) |
YOU CAN DO ITTTT!!!!! |
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Lyndon B. Johnson |
Starts as an aid; later elected to the Texas House in the '30s; Senate election of '48 and presidential election of '60s with JFK; gets legislation to pass a law that allows him to run for two offices at once; starts out as new dealer, but becomes conservative to win Texas, then moves back to center and supports civil rights; becomes most liberal president of the 20th c |
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John Nance Garner |
First Texan Democrat to be elected VP and Speaker of the US House; not a new dealer; wanted progressive income tax; wet; helps FDR win nomination in '32; more conservative |
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Sam Rayburn |
New dealer; party loyalist; starts out as chairman on Congressional committee in the US House; became House Majority Leader in '37 and Speaker in '40; loyal to Democratic party; fought with Shivers in '50s; liberal; against big business/Wall Street/bankers |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Architect of New Deal; economic recovery plan; considered liberal by Texan politicians, but not by Texans who vote for him; elected POTUS in 1932 with Garner as VP; wanted to reorganize SCOTUS but failed; elected to 3rd term in '40; dies in '45 (4th term); replaced by Truman |
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Court Packing Plan |
Roosevelt's mistake in 1937 because SCOTUS struck down some of his major laws; considered an outrage by most Texan politicians (except Johnson); try to expand SCOTUS from 9 to 15 |
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Purge of 1938 |
Roosevelt's attempt to rid the Democratic party of old conservative anti-new dealers; comes to Texas to tell them not to re-elect those people; alienation of Texan politicians from FDR |
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Pappy O'Daniel |
Not a new dealer; radio personality; campaigns as the anti-politician; platform of 10 commandments and golden rule; Gov for 3 years in 1938 and accomplished nothing; makes radio broadcasts from Gov's mansion; elected to US Senate over LBJ in '41; re-elected in '42 |
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1940s (2) |
LOOK AT YOU GOOO!!! |
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Coke Stevenson |
Not a new dealer; replaces O'Daniel when he goes to Senate; should have beaten LBJ in Senate race; Gov from 1941-'46; Speaker of House from '33-'37; rancher, lawyer, banker |
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Smith v. Allwright |
End of white primary |
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Texas Regulars |
Conservative Democrats wanted to prevent FDR from running for 4th term; successful in getting Henry Wallace removed from FDR ticket; put Harry Truman in his place (thought he was a conservative southern Democrat) |
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Harry Truman |
Put on FDR ticket in 1944 by Texas Regulars; became president after FDR's death; pro civil rights; rise of Liberal Democrats |
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Beauford Jester |
Elected Gov in 1946; Gov for a little more than one term, re-elected in '48; moderate, reorganized public school system; opponent of labor unions; signed state anti-lynching law; RR commissioner |
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1950s (4) |
WOW!!!! HALF WAYYY!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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Allan Shivers |
Replaced Jester; first Gov elected to 3 terms; more conservative; best known for Bolt of the Shivercrats, which led Democrats into Republican party in 1950s, got them to endorse Eisenhower; influences diminishes with Veterans Land Board and Insurance Commission Scandal in '56 |
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Texas Tidelands |
Land off Texas coast in Gulf of Mexico; under Texas ownership until oil was discovered; Federal gov't claimed land; originally used taxes to fund Texas schools; Truman believed gov't owned it; Eisenhower believed Texas owned it (secured Texan support) |
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Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Gave Texas Tidelands back to state; 2nd Republic presidential candidate that majority of state's votes came from Texas?; 1956 |
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Ralph Yarborough |
State district court judge; ran for Gov against Shivers in 1952 (came close in '56); big exception to list of conservative Democrats who dominate the state; bonafied liberal; elected to US Senate in '57, served for 13 years; only southerner to vote for Civil Rights Act in '64 |
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Brown v. Board of Education |
Orders desegregation of nations' public schools; most anglo population opposed it; Texas did not resist as much as other southern states (complied grudgingly); faster in places with smaller black population |
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Veterans' Land Board Scandal & Board of Insurance Commission Scandal |
Tarnished Shivers' reputation; ends his career as Governor |
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1957 Civil Rights Bill |
Helped by Senator LBJ who votes for civil right for first time in 20 years; first civil rights bill to pass Congress in 1870s; investigates allegations of voter infringement; mainly symbolic |
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1960s (5) |
JUST A LITTLE FURTHER!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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Kennedy/Johnson |
Kennedy out-maneuvered Johnson; Johnson helped JFK win election from southern votes by joinin ticket as running mate |
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LBJ Law |
Allowed him to run for two federal offices (VP and Senate) simultaneously; forced most Texans to vote for John Tower, because they thought LBJ was being greedy |
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John Tower |
Became well-positioned to win special election following LBJ; first statewide Republican to be elected in Texas since Reconstruction; nominated Secretary of Defense (rejected by Senate) |
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Supreme Court: one person, one vote decisions |
Forced states to re-district voting districts to contain equal populations in the 1960s; Texas had to draw new districts for growing cities/suburbs; redistributed power from rural to urban/suburban; end of poll tax and VRA; fewer large elections created new opportunities for liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans |
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1964 Civil Rights Act |
Major accomplishment for LBJ; more legislation out of Congress since FDR; outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national, religious minorities, women; ends unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation etc; Vietnam War dominates LBJ's presidency (doesn't run in 1968) |
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1965 Voting Rights Act |
Federal supervision of elections and voter registration in the South |
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Barbara Jordan |
first black person voted to state legislature in 20th c; first black Congressman elected from Texas (Houston); televised speech supporting impeachment of Nixon; serves 3 terms |
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1970s (3) - Sharpstown Scandal (2/3) |
YOU GOT THIS IN THE BAAAAG!!!! |
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Lloyd Bentsen |
Elected in 1970 to Senate, defeating Yarborough in the primary etc etc |
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Sharpstown Bank Scandal |
State bank; National Bankers' Life Insurance Corporation; Sharp Grants US $600k in loans to state officials to purchase stock in NBLIC to be resold later for profit after Sharp artificially inflated value; led to removal of Gov Smith and 1/2 state leg, conviction of state House Speaker (Mutscher), election of new Gov (Briscoe); new ATG and LTG |
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Frank Sharp |
Financier who created Sharpstown, Houston; trouble with federal banking regulators; wanted state to create something like FDIC |
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Dolph Briscoe |
Elected Gov after Sharpstown 1972; re-elected '74; last conservative Democrat Gov; last to serve 2 yr terms; Gov when legislators attempted to write new state constitution |
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Constitutional Convention of 1974 |
Legislators cannot agree on a new state constitution |
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William Wayne Justice |
Federal District Court judge from E. Texas who issues very important decisions about the operation of state agencies (prisons, mental hospitals, youth correctional facilities); deem them unconstitutional cruel and unusual punishment under 8th amendment of US Constitution; Texas forced to fix the issues |
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1980s (3) |
ALMOST THERE!!!!!!! |
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Bill Clements |
Elected Gov in 1978; first Republican Gov since Edmund Davis; 2nd statewide Republican; serves single term; defeated by White '82; conservative Republican; bad relationship with legislators; state's economy = good first term; re-elected in '86; raises sales tax after promising not to |
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Mark White |
Elected Gov in 1982; economy declines after end of Clement's first term; promised not to raise taxes; raised them 4x; reform efforts led to HB 72 |
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Phil Gramm |
Conservative Democrat turned Republican in 1983; replaces Tower |
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House Bill 72 |
No pass, no play policy; standardized testing |
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Edgewood v. Kirby |
Calls for wealthiest independent school district to redistribute wealth to poorest school districts i.e. "Robin Hood" |
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Jim Wright |
3rd Texan to be elected Speaker of US House; scandal with book deal |
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1990s (1) |
Beginning looked like Democrats dominated state gov't (Richards, Bullock, Sharp); in 1996 not a single statewide office won by a Democrat; by the end, not a single Democrat held statewide office; |
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Jim Mattox |
Accuses Richards of taking illegal drugs, being a liar, and a lesbian; defeated by Richards |
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Ann Richards |
Faces state ATG Mattox; wins run-off and beats Republican nominee; defeated by George W. in 1994; known for appointing women and minorities to state offices; big issue = public school finance |
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George W. Bush |
elected Gov in 1994 and '98 |
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Kay Bailey Hutchison |
State Treasurer; elected to replace Lloyd Bentsen in 1993; held seat from '94-2012; first Texan woman in the Senate |
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"Robin Hood" plan for state public school aid |
Grew out of Edgewood v. Kirby case; rich schools pay state who redistribute funds to poor schools |
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Bios (4) |
SOOOOOO CLOOOOOOOSSSSEEEE!!! |
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SCOTUS cases (2) |
ONE. LAST. PUSHHHH!!!!! |
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Smith v. Allwright |
End of white primary |
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Brown v. Board of Education |
Desegregation of schools; Texas in quiet opposition |
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Supreme Court: one person, one vote decisions |
Forced state to re-district voting districts to contain equal population; power from rural to urban/suburban; end of poll tax; fewer large elections = new opportunities for liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans |
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WOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
YOU DID THE DAMN THINGGGG!!!!!!!! |