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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the rate limiting step in glycolysis?
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The conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate catalyzed by phosphofructokinase 1.
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What enzyme catalyzes the production of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
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Phosphofructokinase 1.
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What enzyme catalyzes the first step in glycolysis?
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Hexokinase.
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How many irreversible reactions are there in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
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2
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How many moles of ATP per mole of glucose are used in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
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2
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Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
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In the cytosol.
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What is the balanced reaction for glycolysis?
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glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2ADP = 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2ATP
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Which reactions in glycolysis consume ATP?
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Reactions 1 and 3
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Which reactions in glycolysis generate ATP via substrate level phosphorylation?
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Reactions 7 and 10
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Which are the energy capture steps in glycolysis?
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Reactions 6, 7 and 10
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Which reactions in glycolysis have a ∆G of approximately zero?
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Reactions 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
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Which reactions in glycolysis have a large, negative ∆g?
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Reactions 1, 3 and 10.
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Which is the committing step in glycolysis?
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Reaction 3.
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What is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase 1?
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Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.
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Which reactions in glycolysis are coupled?
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Reactions 1 and 3.
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Which reactions in glycolysis are feedback inhibited?
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Reaction 3
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Which reaction in glycolysis is product inhibited?
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Reaction 1
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What are the suppressors of phosphofructokinase 1?
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ATP, NADH and Phosphoenolpyruvate
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What are the high energy intermediates of glycolysis?
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ATP, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
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Which molecule activates pyruvate kinase?
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
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What molecule inhibits pyruvate kinase?
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ATP
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What is the gross ATP yield for the complete glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose?
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4 moles
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What is the net ATP yield for the complete glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose?
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2 moles
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Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction which links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?
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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
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What are the products of pyruvate dehydrogenation?
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Acetyl-CoA, NADH and CO2.
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Pyruvate moves from the cytosol to the inter-membrane space via a ______, and enters the matrix via ______.
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Porin, pyruvate translocase.
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Where is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex located?
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In the matrix
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What is the role of the swinging arm in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
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To transport the intermediates amongst the enzymes in the complex.
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What makes Acetyl-CoA a high-energy intermediate?
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The thioester bond.
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Can glycolysis take place under anaerobic conditions?
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Yes.
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What molecule links glycolysis with the Krebs cycle?
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Acetyl-CoA
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What are the important activators of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
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NAD+ and Ca++
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What is the most important inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
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Acetyl-CoA
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What is pyruvate converted to in the absense of oxygen?
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Lactate
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What is pyruvate converted to in the presence of oxygen?
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Acetyl-CoA
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In which cellular compartment does the Krebs cycle occur?
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The matrix
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Which are the energy capture steps in the Krebs cycle (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reactions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9.
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How many moles of CO2 result from the complete oxidation of 1 mole of pyruvate?
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3
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Which are the irreversible reactions in the Krebs cycle (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reactions 1, 3 and 4.
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Which reactions in the Krebs cycle produce CO2 (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reactions 1, 4 and 5
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Which reactions in the Krebs cycle produce nucleoside triphosphates (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reaction 6
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Which reactions in the Krebs cycle produce NADH (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reactions 1, 4, 5 and 9
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Which reactions in the Krebs cycle produce FADH2 (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reaction 7
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Which reactions in the Krebs cycle produce electron carriers (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reactions 1, 4, 5, 7 and 9
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Which reactions in the Krebs cycle are regulated (counting pyruvate decarboxylation as Reaction 1)?
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Reactions 1, 4, 5 and 9.
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What is the most important regulator of the Krebs cycle?
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The local NAD+:NADH ratio.
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Which enzyme in the Krebs cycle is an integral protein?
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Succinate dehydrogenase.
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Which molecules act as repressors of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
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ATP and NADH
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Which enzymes in the Krebs cycle are activated by Ca++?
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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
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Which molecules activate isocitrate dehydrogenase?
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ADP, AMP and NAD+
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