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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the order of segments in the GI tract?
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Stomach...Duodenum...Jejunum...Ileum...Cecum...Ascending Colon...Transverse colon...Descending colon...Sigmoidal colon...Rectum...Anal canal
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What are the four basic layers common to most parts of the GI tract?
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1. mucosa
2. submucosa 3. muscularis externa 4. adventitia |
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What are two cell types characteristic of gastric mucosa, what are their roles, and what do they look like?
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1. parietal cell: secrete HCl: large, rounded, central nucleus, eosinophilic cytoplasm
2. chief cell: serous secreting (pepsinogen): cuboidal/columnar, round basal nucleus, granular |
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What are mucous neck cells, and where are they located?
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1. Mucous neck cells are tall columnar mucous-secreting cells (protect stomach surface with mucous)
2. They are located in the neck area of gastric glands in the stomach. |
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In which area of the stomach are lymphoid nodules prominent?
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Pylorus
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What does duodenal mucosa constist of (2 things)?
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1. Villi
2. Intestinal glands/crypts (crypts of Lieberkuhn) |
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What drains into the intestinal crypts of the duodenum?
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Brunner's glands (mucous secreting)
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Which part of the small intestine has the largest area for secretion and absorption?
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Jejunum
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What are the two types of cells characteristic of the jejunal epithelium?
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1. Enterocytes: tall columnar absorptive cells, basal oval nuclei, apical striated border
2. Goblet cells: washed out cytoplasm, mucin granule content |
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What is in the center of jejunal villi? (4 things)
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1. Lamina propria
2. Small systemic capillaries 3. Lymphatic lacteal 4. Smooth muscle cells |
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In which part of the intestine are goblet cells most prominent?
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Ileum
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What cells are at the base of ileal glands, and what do they do?
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Paneth cells: regulate bacterial microenvironment of crypts by secreting lysozyme, phagocytose bacteria and immunoglobulins
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What are plicae?
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Circular folds, characteristic of ileum.
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How long is the colon?
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1.5 meters
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Where does the colon begin and end?
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Ileo-cecal junction, recto-anal junction
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What are the four tissue layers of the colon?
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1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa (NOT adventitia) |
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What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?
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Serosa: thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid to reduce friction from muscular movement (large intestine).
Adventitia: a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them (stomach, small intestine). (wikipedia) |
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What are the three equidistant longitudinal bands of the colon?
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Taenia coli
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What are the saccules formed between the taenia coli due to their state of partial contraction?
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Haustra
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What cells are affected in ulcerative colitis?
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Paneth cells of the ileum
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In which part of the GI are lymphatic nodules prominent?
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Appendix, colon
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What parts of the GI tract lack villi?
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Stomach, appendix, colon
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What is the characteristic difference of the recto-anal junction from the rest of the colon?
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It's epithelium has more numerous goblet cells
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