Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Drug classes |
Anti acids H2 receptor antagonists proton pump inhibitors anti ineffective for H. Pylori bacteria cytoprotective |
|
|
aluminum hydroxide antacids |
amphojel, AlternaGEL, Alu-Cap DO NOT TAKE WITHIN 1-2 HOURS OF MANY OTHER MEDS |
|
|
aluminum hydroxide antacids |
uses raises ph gastric secretion, neutralize acid phosphate binding removing high levels of phosphate from the body (renal)
most frequent side effect constipation |
|
|
combination antacids |
aluminum hydroxide= constipation magnesium hydroxide= diarrhea is a combination to balance out side effects usual dose is 30ml DS is after it means its double strength the 15ml is usually ordered |
|
|
H2 Blockers |
nizatidine, cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine inhibit histamine action on h2 receptor in gastric parietal cells which decrease gastric acid secretions |
|
|
H2 Blockers |
prevents heartburn, tx gastric & duodenal ulcers, tx heartburn & GERD common side effect mental confusion especially cimetidine in the elderly |
|
|
proton pump inhibitors |
lansoprazole, pantroprazole, omeprazole, esomeprazole decrease gastric acid formation by stopping hydrogen transport into parietal cells take 2-4 weeks to become effective short term 6-8 weeks gastric & duodenal ulcers, gastritis and GERD long term use increase risk for stomach cancer take ac - before meals DO NOT CRUSH CHEW OR OPEN |
|
|
anti ineffectives |
adjuvant therapy for treatment of peptic ulcer disease when the helobacter pylori bacteria is present
TCN age 8 or pregnant women
PCN & semi synthetic PCN
Veetids, PenVeek, augmenting, amoxicillin
emycin zithromycin - diarrhea PERMANTLY STAINS TEETH BROWN |
|
|
cytoprotective agents |
sucralfate misoprotsol prevent and treatment of peptic and duodenal ulcers gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) prophylactically with NSAID drug use |
|
|
sucralfate |
binds with gastric acid to form a thick paste which adheres to ulcers and protects them from stomach acids can also be used prophylactically pills SHOULD NOT BE CRUSHED OR MELTED common side effect constipation GIVEN QID AC AND AT BED TIME |
|
|
misoprostol |
used to protect gastric mucosa from long term NSAID use in patients at high risk for developing GI bleeding or peptic ulcers and geriatrics is started at the onset of NSAID therapy also used to terminate pregnancy of 49 days or less by causing uterine contractions side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, spontaneous abortion |
|
|
antidiarrheals |
lopermide, diphenoxylate HCL, naopecate direct effect on slowing peristalsis used for acute diarrhea, chronic diarrhea associated with IBD side effects drowsiness, dizziness, abdominal discomfort |
|
|
bismuth subsalicylate |
antidiarrheal adjunctive drug for treatment of h. pylori in peptic ulcer disease and to treat nausea, indigestion and diarrhea contain aspirin - risk of reye's syndrome is available aspirin free alaviable OTC and come in the oral forms of suspension and tablets |
|
|
bulk forming laxative |
psyllium similar to fiber, combined with fluids in GI tract to swell and form a fibrous mass with focal material. this stimulates peristalsis side effect impaction and bowel obstruction if not given with enough fluids MIX RIGHT BEFORE ADMINISTERING 8 OZ OF FLUID OR JUICE GIVE 2HR AC OT PC GIVE WITH PLENTY OF FLUID |
|
|
bisacodyl |
stimulate laxative increase peristalsis used short term to treat constipation, Bowel prep before surgery or diagnostic tests side effects : N,D abdominal cramping |
|
|
sennosides |
herb laxative short term tx constipation OTC |
|
|
Milk of Magnesia |
osmotic laxative draws water from surrounding blood vessels into large intestines. dilutes stool and increases peristalsis usually given in P.M. GIVEN WITH 8 OZ OF WATER 15 ML ANACID 30ML LAXATIVE |
|
|
magnesium cirate |
comes premixed in 8 oz bottle carbonated administer on ice makes it more palatable |
|
|
ammonia detoxicant/laxative |
lactulose
pulls ammonia into the intestines (liver disease) and promotes peristalsis and bowel evacuation
side effects abdominal cramping nursing implication monitor serum ammonia level may be given PO or enema |
|
|
polyethyglycol |
osmotic laxative bowel cleansing preparation prior to GI examination administer as directed should only have CLEAR FLIUDS after administration until midnight before the day of the test then NPO |
|
|
polyethylene glycol |
treatment of the occasional constipation mix in water prior to administration may take 2-4 days for bowel movement to occur |
|
|
stool softener |
docusate calcium and docusate sodium can be used daily basis to promote softening of the stool in pt who should not strain to have a BM cardiac pt rectal surgery OTC usually 1 dose daily PO |
|
|
prokinetic agent |
metoclopramide perstaltic stimulant antiemetic uses GERD diabetic gastroparesis give 30" ac and his chemotherapy related N,V give 30" before tx side effect drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, lethargy |
|
|
megesterol |
therapeutic: antineoplastic, hormone appetite stimulant relieves some sx of advanced breast and endometrial cancer, appetite stimulant for HIV or cancer related anorexia and weight loss ? use in elderly increased appetite and weight gain |
|
|
florastor |
probiotic lactobacillus acidophilus used to prevent C. Diff and diarrhea in ppl who are taking antibiotics |
|
|
UGI or barium swallow |
detects abnormalities of the stomach or esophagus after drinking a contrast medium (barium) several xrays are taken 6 hrs later MUST BE NPO for at least 8 hrs before the procedure |
|
|
small bowel series |
detects abnormalities of the small intestine after drinking a contrast medium ( barium) xrays are taken at 20-30 min Intravels as the solution passes through the small intestine test may take several hours MUST BE NPO BEFORE TEST |
|
|
barium enema |
detect abnormalities of the large intestines contrast solution (barium) is administered by enema and xray are taken in various positions procedure may take 1-2 hrs |
|
|
CCK/ HIDA SCAN |
done in nuclear medicine a radioactive substance (HIDA) is given IV and the substance is tracked with a scanner used to determine the patency of the cystic and common bile ducts and the evaluate liver and gallbladder function an injection of cholecystokinin is often injected to make the gall bladder contract and secrete bile must be NPO for several hours before test |
|
|
doctors may prescribe blank along woth oral barium |
laxative or enema bc barium is constipating |
|
|
endoscopic test |
gastroscopy ERCP colonoscopy sigmoidoscopy |
|
|
gastroscopy |
visualizes stomach and esophagus |
|
|
ERCP |
visualize common bile duct (CBD) and gallbladder |
|
|
colonoscopy |
visualizes colon |
|
|
sigmoidoscopy |
visualizes sigmoid colon and rectum |
|
|
liver enzymes |
AST/SGOT ALT/SGPT Liver enzymes often elevate w/liver disease or damage often ordered LFT |
|
|
pancreatic enzymes |
amylase lipase trypsin often elavated with pancreas or gallbladder disease aid in digestion |
|
|
bilirubin |
often elevated with liver disease, gallbladder or pancreatic disease and cause jaundice direct indirect total |
|
|
clotting disease |
prolonged in certain disease such as liver disease and when pt is taking anticoagulants PT aPTT INR |
|
|
PT |
use to measure thrombin 10-13 second is normal |
|
|
INR |
2-3 seconds normal |
|
|
aPTT |
normal time 25-30 seconds |
|
|
CEA level |
found only during fetal life or rapid multiplication of cells (CA) |
|
|
Albumin |
protein present in the body in the largest amounts. maintain serum colloidal osmotic pressure. decreased in many diffrent diseases |
|
|
globulin |
another type of protein found in the baby In smaller amounts |
