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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A PATIENT HAS ROTOVIRUS AND HAS VERY BAD DIARRHEA. WHAT IS OF THE MOST CONCERN.
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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
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A PATIENT HAS C-DIFF AND IS TAKING FLAGYL TO TREAT IT. WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE TELL THE PATIIENT TO AVOID WHILE TAKING FLAGYL?
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ETOH
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A PATIENT HAS TENESMUS WITH BLOOD IN THE STOOL. WHAT IS THIS INDICATIVE OF?
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BLOOD IN THE STOOL INDICATES PARASITES OR BACTERIA
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CHRONIC DIARRHEA PERSIISTS FOR HOW LONG?
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MORE THAN 2 WEEKS
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WHAT IS THE BIGGEST CONCERN WHEN A PATIENT PRESENTS WITH CHRONIC DIARRHEA?
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DEHYDRATION AND F/E IMBAL.
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WHICH LABS ARE USEFUL IN DETERMINING HOW TO TREAT DIARRHEA?
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BUN, CRATININE, K
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WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA?
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REPLACE FLUIDS, ELECTROLYTES
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DEMULCENTS ARE A CLASS OF ANTIDIARRHEAL MEDICATIONS. NAME 3.
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PEPTO BISMOL
DONNAGEL KAOPECTATE |
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WHAT CAUTION SHOULD THE NURSE USE WHEN ADMINISTERING PEPTO BISMOL TO A PATIENT?
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PEPTO CONTAINS ASPERIN.
USE CAUTION WHEN ADMINISTERING TO CARDIAC PATIENTS AND THOSE WITH ASPERIN ALLERGY |
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WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEMULCENTS
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PROTECTS MUCOUS MEMBRANES
PROMOTES INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF F/E |
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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO ASSESS BS IN THE PATIENT TAKING DEMULCENTS?
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CAN CAUSE CONSTIPATION
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NAME 3 ANTICHOLINERGIC ANTIDIARRHEALS
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DONNAGEL
LOMOTIL IMMODIUM |
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USE CAUTION IN WHICH PATIENTS WHEN ADMINISTERING ANTICHOLINERGIC ANTIDIARRHEALS
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PATIENTS WITH GALL BLADDER DISEASE (THEY CAN GET SPASMS)
PATIENTS WITH EMPHYSEMA OR BRONCHITIS (THEY CAN HAVE WHEEZING) |
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WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTICHOLINERGIC ANTIDIARRHEALS
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INHIBITS GI MOTILITY
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CAUTION WHEN ADMINISTERING LOMOTIL WITH WHICH PATIENTS AND WHY? Assess for what?
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CARDIAC PATIENTS BECAUSE THIS DRUG CONTAINS ATROPHINE.
MONTIOR FOR TACHYCARDIA. |
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IF AN ELDERLY PATIENT IS TAKING IMMODIUM, MONITOR FOR WHAT? WHY?
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MONITOR FOR CONFUSION, SEDATION, AND RESTLESSNESS. BECAUSE OF ANTICHOLINERGIC S/E'S
MONITOR FOR PARALYTIC ILIUS |
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NAME TWO ANTISECRETORY ANTIDIARRHEALS
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SANDOSTATIN
OSTREOTIDE |
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MECHANISM OF ACTION FOR ANTISECRETORY ANTIDIARRHEALS
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INHIBITS GASTRIN, INTESTINAL PEPTIDES, FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
DECREASES INTESTINAL SECRETION INCREASE ABSORBTION OF F/E |
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WHAT ANTIDIARRHEAL IS OFTEN USED IN CANCER PATIENTS. WHAT SHOULD YOU MONITOR FOR?
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OSTREOTIDE FOR SEVERE WATERY DIARRHEA
MONITOR CLOSELY FOR BS WHICH CAN BE INCREASED OR DECREASED |
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IF A PATINET HAS CANCER AND DIABETES WITH SEVERE DIARRHEA. HOW WOULD THEY BE TREATED?
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WITH OSTREOTIDE AND INSULIN
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WHAT ARE 2 NARCOTIC ANTIDIARRHEALS
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PARAGORIC
DONNAGEL |
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MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NARCOTIC ANTIDIARRHEALS
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INHIBITS GI PERISTALSIS
CAN CAUSE CONSTIPATION |
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A PATIENT IS TAKING PARAGORIC TO CONTROL DIARRHEA. WHEN DOING PATIENT TEACHING, WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE TELL THE PATIENT?
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AVOID ALCOHOL B/C SEDATION CAN OCCUR
DO NOT STOP TAKING THE DRUG BECAUSE THEY NEED TO BE WEANED OFF SLOWLY TO PREVENT W/D REPORT DIFFICULTY URINATING REPORT RESTLESSNESS DO NOT INCREASE DOSAGE |
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FECAL INCONTINENCE IS A NORMAL PART OF AGING? TRUE OR FALSE
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FALSE. IT IS MORE COMMON IN THE ELDERLY BUT IS NOT NORMAL
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WHEN A PATIENT HAS FECAL INCONTINENCE, WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NURSING CARE MEASURE?
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SKIN CARE
ALSO: BOWEL TRAINING |
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WHAT IS PERIANAL POUCHING AND WHEN IS IT DONE?
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A POUCH IS PLACED AROUND ANUS TO COLLECT ANY LEAKAGE OF STOOL.
IT IS PART OF A BOWEL TRAINING PROGRAM WHEN A PATIENT HAS FECAL INCONTINENCE. |
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HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE EFFECTS WHAT?
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THE GUTS OWN BRAIN OR THE INTERIC SYSTEM. ITS A NEUROLOGIC DISORDER THAT CAUSES CONSTIPATION
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WHAT TYPE OF DRUGS SHOULD BE GIVEN TO TREAT CONSTIPATION
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CATHARTIC AGENTS
BULK FORMING AGENTS STOOL SOFTENERS SALINE AND OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS STIMULANTS |
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NAME 2 BULK FORMING AGENTS
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METAMUCIL
FIBER CON |
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WHAT IS THE ACTION OF BULK FORMING AGENTS
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ABSORBS WATER
INCREASES BULK |
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WHEN ADMINISTERING METAMUCIL OR FIBER CON TO A PATIENT, WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE KNOW ABOUT INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DRUGS?
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BULK FORMING AGENS SUCH AS METAMUCIL OR FIBER CON MAY DECREASE ABSORPTION OF DIGOXIN OR COUMADIN
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IF A PATIENT IS PRESCRIBED FIBER CON OR METAMUCIL, WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE DO WHEN ADMINISTERING THESE AGENTS.
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ADMINISTER WITH A FULL GLASS OF WATER AND FOLLOW WITH ADDITIONAL FLUIDS TO PREVENT CONSTIPATION
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NAME 2 STOOL SOFTENERS
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COLACE
PERICOLACE |
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MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COLACE, PERICOLACE
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DRAWS WATER INTO STOOL
LUBES INTESTINAL TRACT AND SOFTENS FECES |
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STOOL SOFTENERS TAKE HOW LONG TO WORK?
HOW SHOULD THEY BE ADMINISTERED? |
UP TO 72 HOURS
ADMINISTER WITH A LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER OR LIQUID FOR BEST RESULTS |
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NAME 5 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SALINE AND OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS
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MOM
FLEETS ENEMA PHOSPHOSODA EPSOM SALT GO-LIGHTLY |
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WHEN WOULD A SODIUM OR OSMOTIC SOLUTION BE CONTRAINDICATED?
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IF PT HAS OBSTRUCTION
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WHEN MIGHT MOM BE CONTRAINDICATED
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IF PT HAS RENAL FAILURE
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WHICH IS THE PREFERRED SODIUM/OSMOTIC SOLUTION IN CARDIAC/RENAL PATIENTS
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GO-LIGHTLY BECUASE IT HAS F/E THAT REPLACES THAT WHICH WOULD BE LOST
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NAME 4 TYPES OF STIMULANTS
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CASCARA
EX-LAX DUCOLAX SNOCOT |
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HOW DO STIMULANTS WORK
WHAT IS THE ONSET |
IRRITATE COLON, INCREASE PERISTALSIS
ONSET 12 HR |
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ONSET OF SALINE/OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS
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15 MIN TO 3 HR
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HOW DOES SENOCOT WORK? WHEN DO YOU ADMINISTER IT AND HOW DO YOU ADMINISTER IT?
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SENOCOT DOESN'T SOFTEN BUT IT IRRITATES THE LINING
GIVE AT BEDTIME WITH A LOT OF FLUIDS MAY BE GIVEN WITH A GLYCERINE SUPPOSITORY |
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WHAT ARE SOME COMPLICATIONS OF CONSTIPATION
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VALSAVA - LEADS TO BRADYCARDIA AND DROP IN BP WHICH CAN LEAD TO SYNCOPE, MIA
DIVERTICULOSIS FECAL IMPACTION PERFORATION BLEEDING HEMORRHOIDS |
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NURSING CARE OF PATIENT SUFFERING FROM CONSTIPATION
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INSOLUBLE AND SOLUBLE FIBER
INCREASE FLUIDS TO 3000ML/D EXERCISE ESTABLISH ROUTINE FOR ELIMINATION AVOID OVERUSE OF LAX/ENEMA DO NOT DELAY DEFICATION EAT GOOD, NUTRITIOUS FOOD AVOID ALCOHOL (IT DEPLEATS BODY OF WATER) |
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LONG TERM DIARRHEA CAN LEAD TO DEFICIENCIES IN _______ AND _______ WHICH RESULT IN WHAT?
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IRON AND FOLATE
LEAD TO ANEMIA |
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WHAT LABS WILL BE ABNORMAL IN DIARRHEA?
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HGB, HCT, BUN,WILL BE ELEVATED
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STOOL FAT AND UNDIGESTED MUSCLE FIBERS MAY INDICATE WHAT
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FAT AND PROTEIN MALABSORPTION CONDITIONS,INCLUDING PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY.
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WHAT ARE SOME CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN
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PRIMARY SYMPTOM IS PAIN (DULL OR SHARP)
REBOUND TENDERNESS ABDOMINAL DISTENTION/RIGIDITY N/V DIARRHEA HEMATEMESIS (BLOOD IN VOMIT) MELENA HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK INCREASED TEMP INCREASED ABD GIRTH |
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WHEN A PATIENT PRESENTS WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN, WHAT MUST BE RULED OUT
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PREGNANCY
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MOST IMPORTANT NURSING CARE MEASURES IN THE PATIENT WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN
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CHECK VITALS OFTEN (Q 15, 30, HOUR)
I&O ASSESS ABDOMEN PALPATION OF ABD MONITOR B/S, N/V |
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A PATIENT HAS AN INCREASED PULSE, DECREASED BP, AND ACUTE ABD PAIN. WHAT COULD THIS BE INDICATIVE OF
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HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
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I & O IS IMPORTANT TO ASSESS IN A PATIENT WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN BECAUSE IT IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT?
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VASCULAR VOLUME
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WHEN ASSESSING THE ABDOMEN, LOOK FOR PULSATIONS. THIS IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT
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PULSATING AORTA
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DIMINISHED OR HIGH PITCHED B/S IN A PT. WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN CAN INDICATE WHAT
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PARALYTIC ILIUS
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ABSENT B/S IN A PT WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN CAN INDICATE WHAT?
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OBSTRUCTION
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HOW SHOULD PALPATION BE DONE IN A PT WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN AND WHY
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GENTLY. SO YOU DO NOT BURST TUMOR
WILMS TUMOR IS A TYPE FOUND IN CHILDREN THAT BURSTS EASILY WHEN PALPATED. |
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GENERAL CARE OF A PT. WITH ACUTE ABD. PAIN CONSISTS OF WHAT?
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MANAGEMENT OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BAL
PAIN ANXIETY MONITOR VITALS MONITOR I&O MONITOR LOC |
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ER MGT OF PT WITH ACUTE ABD PAIN
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AIRWAY
O2 IV ACCESS WITH LG BORE NEEDLE BLOOD SAMPLE FOR CBC, ELECTROLYTES DIAGNOSTIC TESTING ORDERS URINARY CATH URINALYSIS NG TUBE AS NEEDED |
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A PATIENT WITH ABD PAIN MAY NEED AN NG TUBE BEFORE OR AFTER SURGERY. WHY?
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DECOMPRESSION
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AFTER SURGERY, WHAT SHOULD DRAIINAGE LOOK LIKE FROM AN NG TUBE
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IF THE TUBE REACHES THE UPPER GI, IT WILL BE DARK RED-BROWN FOR THE 1ST 12 HOURS. LATER IT SHOULD HAVE YELLOW-GREEN TINGE.
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POST OP NURSING CARE FOR ACUTE ABD PAIN
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VITALS Q15, Q30, Q1HR
NG TUBE MONITOR I&O FOLEY DRAINAGE WOUND PARENTERAL FLUIDS ANTIEMETICS PAIN MGT B/S EARLY AMBULATION |
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IF NG TUBE IS OBSTRUCTED, WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE DO?
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GET DR ORDER TO IRRIGATE WITH 20-30 ML OF NORMAL SALINE
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IF A PT IS N/V WITH NG TUBE, WHAT IS THAT INDICATIVE OF
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NG TUBE IS IMPROPERLY PLACED
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IF A FOLEY IS NOT DRAINING CONTINUOUSLY, WHAT COULD BE A POTENTIAL CAUSE?
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NICK OR CLOT IN BLADDER
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PROLONGED GASTRIC SUCTIONING COULD LEAD TO WHAT COMPLICATION
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LOSS OF ELECTROLYTES AND HCL
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WHAT IS AN IMPORTANT PALLIATIVE CARE MEASURE FOR A PT WITH AN NG TUBE
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MOUTH CARE. MOUTH GETS DRY, CRACKED, STINKY
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PATIENT SHOULD NOTIFY MD OF WHAT COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING ABD SURGERY
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ABD DISTENTION
ABD RIGIDITY VOMITING PAIN WEIGHT LOSS INCISION DRAINAGE CHANGE IN BOWEL FUNCTION |
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S/S OF HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
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DROP IN BP
TACHYCARDIA COOL/CLAMMY SKIN DROP IN URINE OUTPUT (LESS THAN 0.5ML/KG/HR) |
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COMMON ASSESSMENT FINDINGS IN PT WITH ABD TRAUMA
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S/S HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
ABD DISTENTION/RIGIDITY HEMATURIA REBOUND/RADIATING PAIN |
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NURSING CARE IN ABD TRAUMA
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ABC'S
FREQ VITALS MONITOR FOR SHOCK O2 CONTROL BLEEDING WITH DIRECT PRESSURE MULTIPLE IV'S WITH LG NEEDLES CBC'S TYPE AND CROSS MATCH FOLEY |
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IF A PT HAS AN IMPAILED OBJECT SHOULD YOU MOVE IT
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NO. CAN CAUSE MASSIVE BLEEDING
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NURSING CARE OF PT WITH IMPAILED OBJECT
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STABILIZE OBJECT WITH DRESSING DO NOT REMOVE IT
COVER ORGANS WITH STERILE SALINE DRESSING NGT IF ORDERED POSSIBLE PERITONEAL LAVAGE WITH NS PREPARE FOR OR |
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WHAT DISORDER IS CLASSIFIED AS A FUNCTIONAL DISORDER IN WHICH THE BOWELS DO NOT WORK LIKE THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO
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IRRATIBLE BOWEL SYNDROME
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S/S OF IRRATIBLE BOWEL
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DIARRHEA AND/OR CONST
FLATUELENCE ABD DISTENTION/BLOATING URGENCY STRESS CAN TRIGGER FOOD INTOLERANCES FEELING OF INCOMPLETE EVAC OF BOWELS |
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HOW IS IRRATIBLE BOWEL DIAGNOSED
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H AND P
R/O OTHER DO'S ROME CRITERIA |
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ROME CRITERIA
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TO DIAGNOSE IBS. ABD PAIN FOR AT LEAST 12 WEEKS WITHIN 12 MONTHS. DOESN'T HAVE TO BE CONSISTANTLY FOR 12 MONTHS. MUST HAVE TWO OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
1. RELIEVED WITH DEFICATION 2. ONSET ASSOC WITH CHANGE IN STOOL FREQUENCY 3. ONSET ASSOCIATED WITH A CHANGE IN STOOL APPEARANCE. |
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TX FOR IBS
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HIGH FIBER DIET/METAMUCIL
AVOID GASSY FOODS ANTISPASMATIC AGENTS STRESS MGT |
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ANTISPASMATIC AGENTS
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BENTYL
IMMODIUM LOTRONEX ZELNORM |
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BENTYL
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TX IBS
DECREASES MOTILITY TAKE BEFORE MEALS TO ALLEVIATE PAIN WITH INGESTION OF FOOD ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS |
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IMMODIUM
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TX IBS WITH DIARRHEA
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LOTRONEX
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FOR IBS THAT CAUSES DIARRHEA. APPROVED ONLY IN WOMEN
SEVERE S/E'S SUCH AS SEVERE CONST. ISCHEMIC COLITIS |
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ZELNORM
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INCREASES MVT. OF STOOL THROUGH COLON FOR THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE CONST. WITH IBS
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INFLAMMATORY DISEASES CONSIST OF WHICH 3
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APPENDICITIS
GASTROENTERITIS PERITONITIS |
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APPENDICIITS
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INFLAMMATION OF APPENDIX CAUSED BY ACCUMULATION OF FECES, FOREIGN BODY, TUMOR
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WHAT WILL YOU SEE IN A PT. WITH AN APPENDICITIS
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PERIUMBILICAL PAIN
ANOREXIA N/V PAIN USUALLY IS PERSISTANT AND USUALLY SHIFTS TO LOWER L QUAD AND LOCALIZES HALFWAY B/T THE UMBILICUS AND ILIAC CREST LOCALIZED AND REBOUND TENDERNESS |
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MANIFESTATIONS OF APPNDICITIS
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GUARDING
MAY BEND KNEES TO RELIEVE ABD PRESSURE LOW GRADE FEVER MAY/MAY NOT BE PRESENT ROVSINGS SIGN |
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ROVSINGS SIGN
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PALPATE LEFT LOWER QUAD AND PAIN OCCURS IN RIGHT LOWER QUAD.
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WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO ASSESS APPENDICITIS IN A PT ON STEROIDS?
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STEROIDS SUPPRESS IMMUNE SYSTEM. PT. GENERALLY HAVE A FEELING ILLNESS. THEY MAY NOT PRESENT THE SAME AS A PT. WHO IS NOT ON STERIODS.
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WHAT ARE SOME COMPLICATIONS OF APPENDICITIS
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ABSCESS
PERITONITIS PERFORATION |
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WHY ARE LAXITIVES CONTRAINDICATED IN A PT. WITH ABD PAIN
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PERF COULD OCCUR
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SHOULD ICE OR HEAT BE APPLIED TO AREA IF A PT HAS APPENDICITIS
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APPLY ICE TO DECREASE BLOOD FLOW TO THE AREA.
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HOW SOON SHOULD A PT AMBULATE AFTER APPENDICITIS
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ASAP. EITHER THE SAME DAY OR THE DAY AFTER
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PERITONITIS
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INFLAMMATION OF PERITONEAL CAVITY
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