Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Increase gastric pH to above 4 so that pepsin is inactivated
|
ANTACIDS
calcium-containing s/e - hypercalcemia w/ renal impairment Aluminum - constipation, hypophosphatemia Magnesium - hypermagnesemia, diarrhea Sodium - instigate CHF |
|
Inhibit histamine at H2 Receptor --> reduced basal and food stimulated gastric acid secretion and volume
Associated w/ hypersensitivity, confusion in elderly, gynecomastia and infertility in males |
Cimetidine (tagamet)
also increases levels of drugs P450 system |
|
Omeprazole
|
Proton-pump inhibitor - irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase pump of the parietal cell
Well tolerated |
|
Effective for GUs and DUs, esophagitis, healing of ulcers assoc with NSAIDs, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, used in combination with antibiotics for H. pylori
|
Proton Pump Inhibitors
|
|
Sucralfate (carafate)
|
Surface protective agent
forms ulcer adherent complex inhibits pepsin activity, absorbs bile salts, may stimulate PG secretion -short term treatement of DU - requires acidic envt |
|
Bismuth Salts
|
binding to ulcers, may stimulate PG synthesis, increase mucous production, inhibit pepsin
|
|
Used in combination with antibiotics to decrease H pylori
|
Bismuth salts
|
|
analog of PGE1- used for NSAID induced ulceration
|
Misprostol
CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY causes abdominal pain and diarrhea |
|
Increases GI motility
Mimics cholinergic action but is a dopamine antagonist |
Metoclopramide
(can cause somnolence, nervousness, dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia) |
|
Antiemetic with cholinergic and serotenergic activity
can cause fatal arrythmias |
Cisapride
(off the market) |
|
Block Dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone
|
Phenothiazines
|
|
Serotonin receptor antagonist used to treat nausea associated with cancer therapy
|
Onsdansetron
|
|
Dronabinon
|
marijuana derivative
antiemetic |
|
Opioid derivative used in treatment of diarrhea
usually used with atropine |
Diphenoxylate
(metabolized to active product) contraindicated in ulcerative colitis b/c of toxic megacolon |
|
Loperamide
|
inhibits Ach release through presynaptic opioid receptors in gut
|
|
First line therapy for IBD
antiinflammatory agent - inhibits cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase |
sulfasalazine
side effects:(20%)malaise, nausea, abdominal discomfort anorexia, folate malabsorption, hypersensitivity, many others |
|
Tolerated by 80-90% of those who cant tolerate 5-ASA
|
Olsalazine (dipentum)
contains 2 molecules of 5-ASA and is broken down in colon to release 5-ASA |
|
Resin coated 5-ASA - released in a pH dependent manner in distal ileum and colon
|
Mesalamine (Asacol)
|
|
Ethycellulose coated 5-ASA - time dependent release from jejenum to colon
|
Mesalamine (Pentasa)
best formulation for small bowel disease |
|
immunomodulator that inhibits purine metabolism.
|
6-MP (purinethol)
steroid sparing slow onset - 3 months bone marrow suppression, pancreatitis |
|
Inhibits IL-2 - used as a temporary measure in severe colitis
|
Cyclosporine
onset 1-2 weeks side effects: HTN, Seizures, Parasthesias, tremor, cholestasis, others |
|
Folic acid antagonist most effective in crohn's disease.
|
Methotrexate
steroid sparing |
|
chimeric antibody against TNF-alpha. Used for moderate, severe or fistulizing crohn's disease
|
Infliximab
s/e: increased risk of infection, infusion reaction, tachyphylaxis, nausea, serum sickness |
|
Non-selective B-blocker
decreases renin, CO, and peripheral resistance |
proponolol
can cause bronchial constriction |
|
Most popular selective B-blocker
|
Metoprolol
(atenolol - similar but longer acting) |
|
alpha1 and Beta blocker
|
Labetalol
(carvedilol is another drug with combined a/B effects) |
|
Peripheral A1 blocker - causes vasodilation without reflex cardiac stimulation
Used in HTN with benign prostatic hypertrophy |
Prasozin
Doxazosin S/E: Orthostasis - first dose effect - helped by taking at night |
|
Central A2 agonist - decreases peripheral autonomic tone
|
Clonidine
S/E - sedation, rebound HTN, dry mouth |
|
Arterial vasodilator that works directly on smooth muscle
|
Hydralazine
S/E: reflex tachycardia, Na retention and edema always use with B-blockers and furosemide |
|
Potent arterial vasodilator that opens K channels- relaxation of smooth muscle cells but not used except for as a topical treatment for BALDNESS
|
Minoxidil
|