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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is responsible for the Earth's seasons? |
the tilt of the Earth's axis |
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Which TWO of the following drives Earth's systems? |
Internal & External energy |
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The age of the Earth is: |
4.5 billion years |
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What THREE below are rock types? |
Igneous, Sedimentary, metamorphic |
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Earth is the ___ planet from the Sun |
3rd |
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The study of geology includes: |
volcanoes, earthquakes, landform formation, fossil |
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The theory that describes the origin of the Earth is the nebular hypothesis. |
True |
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The Earth's systems (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere) are not interrelated and operate independently of each other. |
False |
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Another way to state uniformitarianism is that "the present is the key to the past". |
True |
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What type of magma usually has the lowest viscosity, the least amount of silica and dissolved gas and produces dark colored rocks? |
Mafic
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Which mineral would tend to be the last to crystallize out of a felsic melt?
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Quartz |
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What type of volcano has a very gentle slope? |
Shield |
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Smooth ropey lava is ___ and rough jagged lava is ____. |
Pahoeoe, aa |
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Which of the following are classic cinder (scoria) cones? |
Sunset Crater, Capulin, Paricutin |
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Most composite volcanoes are located : |
on the ring of fire |
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What are the bodies of rock called when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface? |
Plutons |
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The name for a mushroom shaped intrusion that squeezes in between layers and domes up the overlying rock is called: |
Laccolith |
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Where would you find an example of a shield volcano? |
Hawaii |
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Columnar jointing is produced when: |
lava cools |
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Weathering that breaks rocks into smaller pieces is called: |
Mechanical |
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When rocks are broken down by repeated freeze and thaw, the process is called: |
Frost wedging |
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The removal of overlying rock is called ___ and results is ____. |
Unloading, expansion |
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Mechanical weathering impacts chemical weathering by: |
Increasing the effectiveness of chemaical weathering by increasing surface area |
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The most common weathering agent is:
|
Water |
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A common rock that undergoes dissolution: |
limestone |
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The weathering process of ___ produces "rust" and commonly occurs to the mineral __ & ___ |
Oxidation, hematite & limonite |
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___ weathers feldspars which turn them into ___ |
Hydrolysis, clays |
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___ supports plant growth, and the largest component of this is ___ |
Soil, mineral matter
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Wind erosion of crop lands in Texas is most severe in |
Panhandle |
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Mass wasting is the down slope movement of material due to the influence of: |
gravity |
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Volcanic or earthquake activity may ___ a slope. |
Over steepen |
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A ____ is an example of mass wasting due to subsurface erosion. |
Sinkhole |
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The accumulation of material at the base of a mountain is called a : |
Talus slope |
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Mass wasting events are more common in __ seasons. |
Wet |
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Shale is ___. |
Impermeable |
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A volcanic mud and debris flow is a ___. |
Lahar |
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A slide where rotation occurs is called a ___. |
Slump |
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Vegetation on a slope increases the chance of mass wasting. |
False |
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Curved tree trunks are an indicator that creep had occured. |
true |
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The volume of water a stream carries is called: |
discharge |
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What 3 things do rivers do to sediment? |
Erode, transport, deposit |
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When a stream makes a curve, it flows ___ on the inside and ___ on the outside. |
slower, faster |
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As a stream curves, erosion produces a ___ and deposition produces a ___. |
cut bank, point bar |
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A meander loop that gets cut off from the main stream is called: |
oxbow lake |
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A ____ separates drainage basins. |
divide |
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Most rivers in Texas flow into: |
Gulf of Mexico |
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Which 1 of the following is not a drainage pattern. |
circular |
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___ Erosion is the erosion that occurs in the upstream direction. |
headward |
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Urbanization decreases the potential of flooding. |
False |
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Which mineral is NOT among the eight most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust? |
Lead |
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A mineral is: |
Naturally occurring, an orderly 3D arrangement of atoms, a solid |
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Which metals occur naturally as minerals in nature? |
Iron, Gold, Copper |
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What is the shape formed by the joining together of four oxygens and one silicon atom? |
Tetrahedron |
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A chemical bond that occurs between positive and negative ions is called an: |
Iconic bond |
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Feldspars are different from quartz in that they have some ___ in the silicon site of the silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons. |
Aluminum |
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Which mineral below is a carbonate? |
Calcite |
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Which two minerals below are micas? |
Biotite & Muscovite |
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How are some tetrahedrons joined together? |
By sharing oxygen atoms |
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Which mineral is formed solely from silicon and oxygen? |
Quartz |