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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A large depression typically caused by collapse of the summit area of a volcano
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Caldera |
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a ring of coral reef surrounding a central lagoon
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Atoll |
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A depression at the summit of a volcano
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Crater |
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Volcanic material explosively ejected during an eruption; includes ash, cinders and bombs
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Pyroclastics |
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This word means cliff in the Hawaiian language
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Pali |
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A tunnel in hardened lava that acts as a conduit for lava flows
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Lava Tube |
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The zones of weakness on the flanks of these volcanoes along which most eruptive activity occurs are called
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Rifts |
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What term describes the smooth or ropey textured fluid lava flows common in Hawaii?
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Pahoehoe |
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What term describes the rough or clinkery lava flows common in Hawaii?
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a'a |
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What is the name given to the theory that explains the location of the Hawaiian volcanoes in the middle of a plate rather than at a plate boundary?
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Hot Spot |
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What is the name of the newest volcano in the Hawaiian chain, that is still submerged below sea level, and is believed to be located over the hot spot?
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Loihi |
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park contains two of the five shield volcanoes that make up the Big Island of Hawaii. Which 2 volcanoes are included in the park?
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Mauna Loa and Kilauea
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Where are the youngest islands in the Hawaiian chain located?
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In the far southeast end of the chain
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The volcanic rocks of the islands are primarily
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Extrusive, mafic, and low in silica
Dark-colored and high in magnesium and iron |
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The activity associated with the Hawaiian volcanoes is generally considered
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Quiet and characterized by lava of low viscosity
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What is the typical composition of a lava flow in Hawaii?
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Basalt |
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The current eruptions at Kilauea are occurring on the:
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East Rift Zone
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A large seismic sea wave that can be generated by a submarine landslide when part of an island slumps into the sea is called
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Tsunami |
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A volcano that is dormant is
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Sleeping but activity may resume in the future
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The largest volcano on the Big Island is
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Mauna Loa |
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The rocks in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park date from which geologic Era of time?
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Cenozoic |
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The rocks in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are less than 1 million years old. This places them in which geologic Period of time?
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Quaternary |
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T/F Earthquakes are associated with volcanic activity on the Hawaiian islands |
True |
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T/F The volcano may swell or tilt prior to an eruption as magma moves up in it. |
True |
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The large volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands are what type of volcano?
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Shield Volcano |
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What happens with magma at divergent plate boundaries? |
Lava Erupts |
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At which type of plate boundary does crust melt and sink, and the partial melting erupts to form volcanoes? |
Convergent |
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Intraplate |
A stationary hot spot deep in the earth triggers volcanoes (Hawaii, Yellowstone)
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Pyroclastic Fragments/ Tephra |
explosively ejected “fire broken” materials
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Build up of pyroclastic fragments |
Cinder cones |
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Glowing avalanches |
deadly pyroclastic flows |
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Volcanic mudflow |
Lahar |
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Which type of Caldera: magma drains away from the summit area to the sides to erupt in a rift zone, lack of support = collapse of summit
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Hawaiian Type |
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Which type of Caldera: explosive eruption of large quantities of pyroclastic material erupt and cause a collapse again because of lack of support |
Crater lake type |
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Which type of Caldera: large body of silica-rich magma moves up close to surface, upwarping overlaying rocks. Crust fractures in concentric rings which releases pressure on magma and allows huge explosions, lose support area collapses form huge caldera |
Yellowstone type |
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The _____ the silica content, the ______ ______ the lava. And the _____ ______ the lava, the _____ violent the eruptions
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Lower, More fluid, more fluid, violent |
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Flank eruptions result in ____ shield volcanoes |
Long |
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when volcanoes get too tall the magma takes the path of least resistance erupting out the side in weak areas
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Rift |
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when magma carrying gases erupts at the surface the pressure on the gas is released so they expand violently and propel red-hot lava high into the air
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Fire fountaining |
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lava burns through a forest but leaves hardened lava to show where the trunks were
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Tree Mold |
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mounds or hillocks on the surface of a pahoehoe flow formed when the crust of flow is pushed upward by the underneath
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Tumuli |
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hawaiian word meaning hole
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Puka |
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large openings or holes in the lava flow
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Kipuka |
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as the volcano moves away from the hotspot lava becomes richer in sodium and potassium, more gaseous and more explosive
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Alkalic Capping stage |