Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Positive and negative correlations |
- Correlation is when 2 sets of statistics are related to each other - Negative = 1 increasing, 1 decreasing - Positive = both increasing or decreasing - No correlation = the 2 sets of data do not relate |
|
|
Population distribution in Canada - Ecumene |
- A description of the pattern in which people live. - Also known as the ecumene (means inhabited land) |
|
|
Settlement patterns Clustered |
- Grouping of settlements around a center or nucleus - Usually built around a geographical feature such as a main intersection, river or lake |
|
|
Settlement patterns Scattered |
- Scattered settlements over a large area - Often occurs in rural areas |
|
|
Settlement patterns Linear |
- Grouping of settlements in a line - Usually along transportation networks, rivers, borders |
|
|
Population density |
- The number of individuals occupying an area in relation to the size of that area - How to calculate it: number of people ÷ the area they occupy = population density |
|
|
Birth rate / Death rate - What factors affect them |
Low birth rate = developed country, woman want to educated and have a career High birth rate = developing country High death rate = developing country, don’t have good medicine and tech Low death rate = developed country, good medicine and tech |
|
|
Census |
- Canada has a census every 5 years that collects data - Statistics Canada collects and analyzes the demographic information - Anonymous - It’s the law - Government, businesses, schools, urban planners, etc. all use the informations from |
|
|
Dependancy load |
- The percent of people who are under 15 and over 65 - Population with large pre/post-reproductive cohorts may have issues with dependency load - A ratio is used to compare them (dependent people:non-dependent people) |
|
|
Aging population |
- They're the most influential group of people because there’s so many of them currently and will be in the future as well - It's occurring because we’re improving medicine/tech which results in high life expectancy General impacts - Puts stress on health care system - Higher tax because many old people collect pension |
|
|
Push / Pull factors |
Push factors - A reason that encourages someone to leave a particular country / area - War - Natural disasters - Poverty Pull factors - A reason that encourages someone to come to a particular country / area - Better education / job opportunities - Freedom - Safety |
|
|
Canadian immigration classes Economic |
- Any person attempting to gain entry to Canada on the basis of their own merits or value tot he country - Two subclasses exist: - 1. Skilled Worker: People who are evaluated according to how they will contribute and adapt to life in Canada. They are judged according to Canada’s Point System. - 2. Business Class: People who are evaluated according to how much they will invest in Canada. They must have a net worth of more than $800 000, and be willing to invest $400 000. |
|
|
Canadian immigration classes Family |
- People who already have family here trying to come to Canada -Their sponsor must agree to financially support them for at least three years. These people are generally: - Spouses - Parents, grandparents, immediate family - Adoptees |
|
|
Canadian immigration classes Refugee |
- People attempting to gain entry to Canada because they need for protection from a situation in their home country (i.e. war, persecution, abuse, racism, etc.) - The merits of their case are judged by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB). - Once in Canada, they receive assistance in adjusting to life in Canada (job training, housing assistance, etc.) |
|
|
Problems with the immigration system |
Point system - If someone were to want to come to Canada with a low income job and want to get another low income job, they would be denied because of their current job which is low income, but someone with a high income job would be accepted into the country only to receive a low income job. - Even though Canada’s economy needs certain jobs (mechanics, electricians), the people with those jobs would get denied because they don’t have enough education. |
|
|
Statistical trends in Canadian immigration |
- Immigration is increasing - Most people coming from Asia - Most people settle in urban areas and big cities such as GTA and Vancouver |
|
|
The point system |
- Each skilled worker is judged according to 6 criteria - Immigrants must score at least 67 (out of 100) in order to be accepted - Education - Language ability - Work experience - Age - Arranged employment - Adaptability |
|
|
Urbanization |
- The increase in the amount of people living in urban areas - Global trend |
|
|
Urban land use types |
Residential - Space in which people live - A mixture of high, medium and low density (high = low and high-rise apartments and condos, medium = row housing, duplex, low = detached and semi-detached homes) Transportation - Land use for movement of people and goods Commercial - Space used to sell goods and services to consumers Industrial - Space used to make or produce goods Institutional - Any government land and buildings Recreational - Any undeveloped land or used for physical activity |
|
|
Urban sprawl |
- The spreading of urban development into rural areas, adjoining the edge of the city - It is often uncontrolled and unplanned Examples • More residential areas today • Deforestation • More roads today • Loss of farmland |
|
|
Smart growth |
Planned economic and community development that attempts at being sustainable in nature - High density living - Walkable places |
|
|
Analyzing population pyramids Base |
Birth rate - Wide base = high birth rate - Narrow base = low birth rate |
|
|
Analyzing population pyramids Side shapes |
- Concave sides indicate a high death rate - Convex sides indicate a low death rate |
|
|
Analyzing population pyramids Symmetry |
- Pyramids should be relatively symmetrical (males should be same as females in each age group) - Asymmetry (difference) shows something strange has happened to the gender distribution - For example, a pyramid can show you that there are more females living to an older age |
|
|
Analyzing population pyramids Irregularities / anomalies |
- Should not be drastic change between age groups; birth rates generally change slowly - Bumpy sides indicate an irregularity or anomaly- birth rate or death rates have changed faster than normal - When there is an irregularity present, demographers need to figure out what event/circumstance is causing it |
|
|
Types of population pyramids Expansive/expanding |
- Have classic triangular/pyramid shape - The base of this population indicates a high birthrate and the narrow top indicates a high death rate - Developing country - Often have poor access to birth control, lack of education - If sides concave, poor medical care & nutrition lead to high death rate, low life expectancy |
|
|
Types of population pyramids Slow expanding/stationary |
- Relatively straight sides - Pre/reproductive/post cohorts are fairly equal - - This means that the population isn’t expanding/growing - Developed country - Have access to good family planning, birth control, education - Good medical care, nutrition, education etc. |
|
|
Types of population pyramids Contractive (declining) |
- Post-reproductive age group is larger than the pre/reproductive age group - Very low birth rate often indicates of a highly developed country - Population will decline without immigration |
|
|
New Urbanism |
- The idea that you can go into preexisting places and change them to make them smart growth cities. |
