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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A type of genetic mapping used with Hfr and F- strains of bacteria is called ____________
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time of entry
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A plasmid that confers resistance to multiple antibiotics by recombination with corresponding cassettes is called a __________
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d. Integron
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3. The sequence present in a tRNA molecule that undergoes base pairing with the corresponding codon in the mRNA is the __________.
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anticodon
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4. Another term for coding sequence in DNA is ________
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open reading frame
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DNA replication from the origin of replication is
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bidirectional & semiconservative
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A complex of four histone molecules, each present in two copies, wrapped by two turns of DNA is called a _____________.
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a. Nucleosome
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A chromosome with its centromere in the middle is
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b. metacentric
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Familial Down syndrome may result from which of the following chromosomal abnormalities?
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heterozygosity for rob(14:21) [Robertsonian translocation]
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The master sex-determining gene SRY that codes for the testis-determining factor, resides on
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e. in the short arm of the Y chromosome, but out of pseudoautosomal region.
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Regions of the chromosome with very few functional genes are called
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c. heterochromatin.
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11. In most eukaryotic genomes, the DNA consists of
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d. unique, and middle and highly repetitive DNA
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12. Individuals whose karyotypes are 47 XXY are phenotypically ___________
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Male
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In DNA sequencing, dideoxyribonucleotides
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act as chain terminators
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Gene conversion results from
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crossing over
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A megabase of DNA consists of
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10 6 bp
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16. A circular DNA molecule that is not over-twisted in either direction is said to be
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relaxed.
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17. The consequences of gene conversion are observed in the following fungal tetrad segregation ratios:
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b and c
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RNA synthesis on a DNA template is called __________.
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transcription
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At the molecular level, crossing over begins with a double strand break, strand invasion and the formation of heteroduplexes which may lead to which of the following
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All of the above
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In log of odds genetic mapping in humans the results are given as map distance between a molecular marker and a genetic trait in :
a. Recombination of flanking markers b. Recombination and the conversion of wild-type to mutant alleles (or vis versa) c. Gene conversion in the absence of recombination d. All of the above e. None of the above |
all the above
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20. In log of odds genetic mapping in humans the results are given as map distance between a molecular marker and a genetic trait in :
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a curve showing how the lod score changes as a function of recombination frequency
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An exonuclease is an enzyme that can
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remove a terminal nucleotide in a polynucleotide chain.
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Which of the following correctly describe an individual with Turner syndrome who is monosomic for the X chromosome
a. euploid b. 45, X0 c. aneuploid d. a&b e. b &c |
b &c
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The portion of the tRNA where the amino acid is conjugated.
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3’ acceptor arm
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Which processes, are coupled in prokaryotes?
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Transcription and translation
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In mRNA translation, Wobble refers to the ability of
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A single aa-tRNA anticodon to bind to two or more synonymous codons.
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Heritable change in gene expression that is associated with chemical modification of DNA or chromatin but not with a change in DNA sequence are called __________.
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Epigenetic
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The DNA binding site for prokaryotic RNA polymerase
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Promoter
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Regions at the 5’ and 3’ end of eukaryotic mRNAs that are not translated into protein.
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Untranslated region
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Bacterial operons which are transcribed unless they are specifically turned off are said to be regulated by
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Repressible transcription
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A method for treatment of disease by means of DNA rather than proteins or other pharmaceuticals is called ____________.
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Gene therapy
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The process of assembling of two DNA molecules by in vitro manipulation is _____________.
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Recombinant DNA technology
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A gene whose expression can readily be monitored is a ___________
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Reporter gene
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Study of the DNA sequence, organization, function, and evolution of genomes
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Genomics
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A nucleotide substitution in a codon that changes a single amino acid is a ____________.
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Nonsynonymous mutation
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The presence of two genetically different mitochondria within the same cell is an example of
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heteroplasmy
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__________ is a phenomenon in normal mammalian cells in culture whereby cells cease to grow and divide when they are in close physical proximity.
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Contact inhibition
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Loss of the presence of the wildtype allele, or loss of its function, in a heterozygous cell, enabling the phenotype of a recessive mutant allele to be expressed, is termed ___________.
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Loss of heterozygosity
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A class of mutations which result in multiple contiguous amino acid differences in proteins is likely :
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frameshift.
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In a precancerous condition, a new mutation in the cell cycle checkpoint protein p53 will allow which of the following to accumulate in daughter cells_________
a. Deletions b. Translocations c. Gene or chromosome amplification |
All the above
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Which of the following clusters of terms describes eukaryotic enhancers:
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cis-acting, variable position
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In the early stages of the cell cycle, progression from one phase to the next is controlled by the ______________
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cyclin-CDK complexes.
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A population of 1 108 bacterial cells undergoes one round of DNA replication and cell division. If a mutation rate of a gene is 1 10-5per replication, the expected number of mutant cells after cell division is
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10^3
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1) The maximum recombination frequency that may be measured between two genes in a single mapping experiment is
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50%
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An allele is
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an alternate form of a gene.
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4) Apply the product law to a coin-flip situation. What is the probability that on three flips of a coin, heads will occur on all three times?
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1/8
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5) The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes would be called ________
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segregation
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6) With codominance, a likely phenotypic ratio resulting from a monohybrid cross would be
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1:2:1
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7) If a typical somatic cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are expected in each gamete of that organism?
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12
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In tigers, a recessive allele causes a white tiger (virtual absence of fur pigmentation). If two phenotypically normal tigers are mated and produce a white offspring, what is the probability that these tigers will have another white offspring?
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1/4
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Tight curly hair is caused by a dominant gene in humans. This trait is rare among northern Europeans. If a curly-haired northern European marries a person with straight hair, what proportion of their offspring would be expected to have curly hair?
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1/2 curly
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11) A condition in which one gene pair masks the expression of a non-allelic gene pair is _____.
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epistasis
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12) The physical or biochemical expression of the genotype is called the ____________.
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phenotype
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13) All of the following are genetic markers that can be used to follow a trait between generations except ___________
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complementation
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14) Hemizygosity would most likely be associated with which of the following?
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X-linked inheritance
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15) Hemophilia is caused by several genetic factors; one, a sex-linked recessive gene, is the subject of this problem. Assume that a man with hemophilia marries a normal woman whose father had hemophilia. What is the probability that their first child will have hemophilia? [Hint: in this problem you must include the probability of having a son in your computation of the final probability.]
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1/4
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16) A man who carries an X-linked allele (gene) will pass it on to
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all of his daughters.
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17) Assuming independent assortment in a test cross between an individual who is double heterozygous and a tester strain that is homozygous recessive for both traits, the proportion of offspring who are double homozygous recessive are:
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¼
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The chromatids in a pair of chromosomes are held together at a specific region of the chromosome called the
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centromere.
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19) A cell with a nucleus containing only one set of chromosomes, consisting of one member of each homologous pair, is
A. diploid B. haploid C. somatic cell D. gamete |
E. both B and D
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20) The mitotic stage in which the chromosomes condense, the nucleoli disappear, and the mitotic spindle forms is known as
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prophase
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Parents heterozygous for a recessive allele are called:
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Carriers
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Meiosis consists of how many successive nuclear divisions?
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two
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23) The centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate in which meiotic phase?
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. anaphase II
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24) When three genes are close together, the frequency at which double crossovers occur is usually reduced by __________________.
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Interference
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25) With respect to chromosome number, the first division in meiosis is known as the ______ division.
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reductional
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Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is false?
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B. Unlike many morphological phenotypes restriction fragment length polymorphisms are dominant.
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Which one of the following statements about sex determination in chickens is false?
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♂ are hemizygous for the sex chromosome
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28) In a mating between individuals with the genotypes IAIO x IOIO, what percentage of the offspring are expected to have the O blood type?
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50%
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Genes that are found on the same chromosome are said to be ____________.
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linked
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In the universal genetic code, minimum number of bases needed to specify one of the twenty common amino acid is:
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3
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