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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define transmission genetics
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pattern of inheritance of traits examined. often involves designed breeding of plants or animals
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define population genetics
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looks at gene frequencies and variation in the entire populations, helps understand evolution
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define genotype
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what genes/allels contribute to the characteristics
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define gene
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region of DNA that encodes a product that does something
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define allele
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variation of a gene
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define locus
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physical location of a gene on a chromosome
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define heterozygote
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two different allels of gene discussed
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define homozygous
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two copies of the same allele
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describe Mendel's basic experiemtn
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Round and wrinkled peas
P F1 F2 |
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state the multiplication rule
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probability of two or more independent events occuring together is calculated by multiplying their individual probabilities
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state the addition rule
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probability of two or more mutually exclusive events is calculated by adding the probability of each event
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if there is more than one way that something could happen, which rule do you use
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addition
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in a family waht is the probability you will ahve two children: the first a girl and the second a boy
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1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4
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in a family, what is the proability you will ahve three children, two girls and one boy
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GGB 1/8
GBG 1/8 BGG 1/8 add = 3/8 |
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define dihybrid cross
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look at two traits at the same time
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In a dihybrid cross if she asks for genotypic classes how many would you see
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9
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if you ask for a phenotypic classes how many would you see
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9 3 3 1
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what is the null hypothesis
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there is no real difference between the measured values adn the predicted values
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what does rejection of the null hypothesis tell you
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that the differences between the O and E are deemed to not be attributable to chance alone
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what is the equation for chi squre
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sum (O-E)^2/E
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if the P is big, is it more or less likely that it was due to change alone
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more likely this means that P is a high percentage of the time that if you repeat the experiment that you will view the expected outcome with only small variations due to chance
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when do you reject? when do you fail to reject?
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don't reject 0.05 reject
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what are the assumptions you make with the pedigree
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anyone married in is normal
all phenotypes are fully penetrant traist are not sex induced |
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define conditional probability
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when the outcome and the specific condition are not independent
ex. if you already know the plant is tall what is the probability that the tall plant is heterozygous |
