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20 Cards in this Set

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Describe what happens during transcription.
DNA strands separate.
Free nucleotides bind to one strand by specific base pairing.
U to A and C to G
RNA polymerase joins nucleotides to form mRNA.
Describe what happens during translation.
mRNA translated.
Codon on mRNA
Codon binds with anticodon on tRNA
Each tRNA specific to one amino acid.
Formation of peptide bonds.
Describe what happens to the chromosomes during prophase.
chromosomes shorten and thicken.
Describe what happens to the chromosomes during metaphase.
line up at equator, centromeres attach to spindle.
Replication of DNA is described as semi conservative. Explain why.
both the original strands are copied and each new cell has one original strand and a copied strand.
What is the polymerase chain reaction.
An enzyme controlled reaction with several steps, used to make many copies of a piece of DNA.
What is an allele.
a form of a gene occupying a specific place/locus.
Explain the importance of meiosis.
To halve the chromosome number and produce haploid cells so when fert. the correct number is restored.
Describe the sequence of events during mitosis.
Chromosomes condense and become visible. Nuclear envelope disappears.Chromosomes line up on the equator of the spindle. Chromatids separate. Chromatids separate.
What happens during interphase.
DNA replication occurs.
Meiosis conserves chromosome number for the species. Why else is it important.
Causes variation in species.
Describe the steps in the chain reaction carried out by polymerase.
DNA heated to 95deg. to separate strands. Cooled to 70 deg. so primers bind. Nuclotides attach by comp. base pairing. DNA polmerase joins nucleotides together.
What is meant by the cell cycle?
A cells growth and division. This period is called interphase.
What happens during interphase?
Cell grows, organelles are replicated, DNA unravels, DNA is replicated and the cell now has double the amount od DNA.
Describe the changes that take place during prophase.
The C condense/shorter/fatter.
Centrioles Move to opp. ends of cell. Spindle fromed, nuclear envelope breaks down.
Describe what happens during anaphase.
The centromeres divide separating the chromatids. The spindles contract.
Describe what happens during teleophase.
Chromatids unravel to chromosomes. Nuclear envelop forms again. Cytoplasm divides.
Explain what happens during meiosis.
DNA replicates and coils to form chromosomes that arrange in homologous pairs. They swap bits. C pairs separate in first division. Then the chromatids splits in 2nd division.
Explain what leads to variation during meiosis.
swapping over.
Random separation in each of the divisions.
Describe the basic unit of DNA
It is a nucleotide made from a deoxyribose sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogencontaining base.