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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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euploid
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having a normal number of chromosome pairs (23) or a multiple of 23
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aneuploid
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having an abnormal number of chromosomes, usually one/two more or fewer than 46.
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somatic cells
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cells that contain 46 chromosomes; all but the gametes; diploid
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gametes
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sperm or egg cells that contain 23 chromosomes; haploid
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autosomes
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first 22 chromosomes, identical
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sex chromosomes
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XY or XX chromosomes
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metafemale
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trisomy of X; Symptoms are variable: sterility, menstrual irregularity, and/or mental retardation. Symptoms worsen with each additional X
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Turner syndrome
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one X.
Absence of ovaries (sterile) Short stature (~ 4'7") Webbing of the neck Edema Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples High number of aborted fetuses X is usually inherited from mother |
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Klinefelter syndrome
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at least two X's and a Y
Male appearance Develop female-like breasts Small testes Sparse body hair Long limbs |
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cri du chat
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deletion of short arm of chr. 5
Low birthweight, mental retardation, and microcephaly |
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locus
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position of a gene along a chromosome
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allele
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a different form of a particular gene at a given locus
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homozygous
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Loci on a pair of chromosomes have identical genes
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heterozygous
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Loci on a pair of chromosomes have different genes
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism
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phenotype
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observable manifestations of the genotype
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