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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cells |
The fundamental units of life The simplest collection of matter that can live. First observed by Robert Hooke in 1665 some organisms have one cell, others have trillions Two general kinds: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cells |
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Vesicle |
A membrane enclosed sac that stores or transports materials in the cytoplasm |
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Robert Hooke |
First person to observe cells in 1665 |
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Antoni van Leeuwenhoek |
He laterdescribed cells that could move
–He viewed bacteria with his ownhand-crafted microscopes in the late 1600s |
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Eukaryotic cells |
–Plants,animals, fungi and protists –Larger,more complex cells –Singlecelled or multicellular -contain organelles •Animals,fungi, plants, and protists areall eukaryotes. •Eukaryotesevolved from prokaryotes around 2 billion years ago. |
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Prokaryotic cells
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–Bacteria
–Small,simple cells –Singlecelled - do not contain organelles •Thereare two domains of prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea. •Prokaryoticfossils date back at least 3.5 billion years. |
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Organelles |
are membrane-enclosed structures thatperform specific functions
exist in both plant and animal cells
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Animal vs. Plant cells |
•Allcells share:
–Plasma membrane–Nucleus–Ribosomes–Mitochondria •Onlyanimal cells have lysosomes. Only plant cells have chloroplasts,cell walls, andcentral vacuoles |
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Lysosome (Animal Cell) |
A membrane-enclosed bubble of digestive enzymes that can breakdown and recycle foreign or worn-out cellular substances |
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Ribosomes |
Free floating or attached to rough ER |
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Hypothesis-Based Science |
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning are Part of |
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Theories |
Explain a great diversity of observations and are supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence |
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hypothesis |
A proposed explanation for a set of observations is called |
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What best describes the connection between the ants' use of formic acid and the theme of Chapter 2 |
Chemicals are part of the hierarchical structure of life |
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compound |
contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio |
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the primary elements of life |
hydrogen nitrogen oxygen carbon |
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goiter is normally prevented by adding the trace element |
iodine |
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The number of electrons in the _________determine the chemical properties of the atom |
outermost shell |
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when full the innermost shell contains __ and the 2nd and 3rd will hold up to ___ |
2, 8 |
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Weakest bond |
Hydrogen bond |
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Passive Transport |
requires no energy substances move along a concentration from high to low |
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Active Transport |
requires energy substances move against a concentration from low to high Like trying to get into a crowded club |
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Diffusion |
movement of molecules from high to low concentration |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water high to low concentration from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions |
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Active transport |
involves moving a substance from a lower to higher concentration |
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Chromatin |
DNA wrapped around proteins to form fibers each long one twists and forms a chromosome |