Functional Equine Anatomy

Front 1

The nine body systems all mammals have

Back 1

Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive, Urinary, Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous, Reproductive, Endocrine

Front 2

Reference point meaning "towards the head."

Back 2

Cranial

Front 3

Reference point meaning "towards the tail."

Back 3

Caudal

Front 4

Referene point meaning "towards back."

Back 4

Dorsal

Front 5

Reference point meaning "toward belly."

Back 5

Ventral

Front 6

System involved with internal and external movement, also reserves

Back 6

Muscular System

Front 7

The muscular system takes up about ___% of the horses total body weight

Back 7

50

Front 8

This type of muscle is non striated, involuntary, found in organs

Back 8

Smooth muscle

Front 9

This type of muscle is both smooth and striated, involuntary

Back 9

Cardiac muscle

Front 10

This type of muscle found along the skeletal system, voluntary

Back 10

Striated

Front 11

Type I or Type II?
"slow twitch", doesn't bulk up, Arabians have more of this

Back 11

Type I

Front 12

Type I or Type II?
"fast twitch", bulky muscle, Draft horses

Back 12

Type II

Front 13

The function of this body system is to shape the body, protection of organs, and also reseverves of Calcium, Phosphorus, Fat, WBC

Back 13

Skeletal System

Front 14

Bone size and position help to create a horse's

Back 14

Conformation

Front 15

Describes the constantly remodelling quality of bones; breaking down and rebuilding depending on cells and nutrients and physical activity (concussion)

Back 15

Dynamic Structure

Front 16

Occurs when splint bone tears from bone, the bone works a little too hard to fix it, and winds up fusing the splint to the bone

Back 16

"Popping a splint"

Front 17

4 types of bone?

Back 17

Long, short, flat, irregular

Front 18

Name 5 components of the skeletal system.

Back 18

Bones, cartilege, joints, ligaments, and tendons

Front 19

Head, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal are all in terms of the body

Back 19

Axial

Front 20

Forelimbs and hind limbs are all in terms of the body

Back 20

Appendicular

Front 21

3 types of joints?

Back 21

Fibrous, Cartilagenous, and Synovial

Front 22

These joints have no joint cavity, are held together by tissue, don't move.
Ex: teeth, skull

Back 22

Fibrous

Front 23

These joints don't have a joint cavity, but have some movement
Ex: pelvis, vertebrae

Back 23

Cartilagenous

Front 24

These joints offer the most movement, have a joint cavity
Ex: fetlock

Back 24

Synovial

Front 25

The function of this body system is to process (liquid) body waste.

Back 25

Urinary System

Front 26

4 components of the urinary system

Back 26

Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

Front 27

4 components of pee

Back 27

Nitrogenous wastes, salts, sugars, water

Front 28

The function of this body system is to take in oxygen and remove CO2, blood carries oxygen from lungs to tissues, etc

Back 28

Respiratory System

Front 29

6 components of respiratory system

Back 29

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Front 30

This part of the respiratory system leads to the lungs and digestive system

Back 30

Pharynx

Front 31

The vocal box

Back 31

Larynx

Front 32

Connects larynx to the lungs

Back 32

Trachea

Front 33

"The act of breathing."

Back 33

Respiration

Front 34

Contraction of diaphragm

Back 34

Inspiration

Front 35

Relaxation of diaphragm

Back 35

Experation

Front 36

Maximum respiration for horses

Back 36

240-250 rpm

Front 37

Normal resp rate

Back 37

8-16 rpm

Front 38

Technical term for heaves

Back 38

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Front 39

A 1:1 synchronization for efficiency means

Back 39

# of strides = # of breaths

Front 40

The main function of this body system is to distribute blood.

Back 40

Circulatory System

Front 41

The circulatory system is composed of 3 parts, the

Back 41

Heart, veins, and arteries

Front 42

How much does the average horse heart weigh?

Back 42

7 lbs

Front 43

Bloods consists of ___, ____, and ___

Back 43

Plasma, RBC, and WBC

Front 44

4 components of plasma

Back 44

water, nutrients, protien, hormones

Front 45

The main funtion of this body system is to convert feed into energy.

Back 45

Digestive system

Front 46

Having only one compartment to the stomach

Back 46

Non-ruminant

Front 47

How do you describe horses as digesters?

Back 47

Non-ruminant hind-gut fermentors

Front 48

A horse's digestive system is basically a ___ ft long tube running from mouth to anus.

Back 48

100

Front 49

7 parts of the digestive tract

Back 49

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, secum, large intestine, anus

Front 50

The function of this body system is to supply information throughout the body.

Back 50

Nervous system

Front 51

The nervous system supplies information through ____ and ____ changes

Back 51

electrical, chemical

Front 52

4 parts of nervous system

Back 52

Brain, spinal cord, nerve fibers, sensory receptors

Front 53

2 main portions of nervous system

Back 53

Autonomic & Central

Front 54

The function of this body system is to produce through a series of ductless glands internal secretions that influence the horse from birth til death

Back 54

Endocrine System

Front 55

Gland that produces ADH and Oxytocin

Back 55

Posterior pituitary

Front 56

Growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone

Back 56

Anterior pituitary

Front 57

Responsible for melatonin synthesis, photoreceptive basis, gonads.

Back 57

Pineal gland

Front 58

Secretes thyroxin which regulates the metabolism

Back 58

thyroid

Front 59

This gland increases calcium and phosphate levels in the body

Back 59

parathyroid

Front 60

Produces insulin to lower blood glucose

Back 60

Pancreas

Front 61

controls the pituitary gland

Back 61

hypothalamus

Front 62

The sole function of this body system is to create new organisms of the same species

Back 62

Reproductive system

Front 63

Parts of the mare's reproductive system

Back 63

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus

Front 64

Houses, produces, releases eggs

Back 64

ovaries

Front 65

Place where fertilization occurs, connects ovaries to uterus

Back 65

Fallopian Tubes

Front 66

Parts of the stallion's reproductive system

Back 66

Two testes, accessory sex glands like siminal vesicles and prostate, tubules