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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medicine or Drug + Movement or Motion=
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmaco = medicine,drug kinetics = movement,motion |
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List the 4 Steps of Pharmacokinetics:
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1.Absorption
2.Distribution 3.Metabolism 4.Elimination |
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Process involving the mvmt of a substance from its site of administration, across body membranes, to circulation fluids, the primary pharmacokinetic factro determining the length of time it takes a drug to produce its effect.
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Absorption
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Time before first affects are noticed...
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Absorption Rate
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What is the absorption rate for oral meds?
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Minimum 20-30 minutes
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What is the absorption rate for SQ/IM injections?
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Minimum 5 minutes
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What is the absorption rate for IV meds?
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Immediate Action
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The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to the site of action, involves transport of drug molecules withing the body, and depends largely on blood circulation.
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Distribution (Bioavailability)
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Drug that bind to protein for later use. Some drugs may compete for the sites (drug-drug interaction)
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Protein Binding
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Process of chemically converting a drug to a from that is usually more easily removed from the body.
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Metabolism (Biotransformation)
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Where does metabolism primarily occur in the body?
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In the liver
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Removal of drugs from the body.
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Elimination
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Where does elimination primarily occur in the body?
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The Kidneys
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Urination
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Kidneys
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Respiration
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Lungs
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Defecation
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Bowels
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Perspiration
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Skin
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Lactation
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Mammary Glands
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Amt. of a drug required to produce a therapeutic effect.
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Minimum effective concentration
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Level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects.
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Toxic Concentration
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Plasma drug concentration b/w the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration.
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Therapeutic Range
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Lenght of time required for a medication to decrease concentration in the plasma by 1/2 after administration.
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Plasma Half-Life
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Higher amount of a drug, often given only once or twice which is administered to "prime" the bloodstream with a level sufficient to quickly induce a therapeutic response.
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Loading Dose
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Time it takes for one-half of the original amount of the drug to be removed from the body.
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Half-Life
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Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation. Only drugs taken by mouth are this.
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First Pass Effect
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What the drug is intended to do for the patient
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Therapeutic Effect
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Unintended but predictable potential effects of the drug.
(Not an allergic reaction) |
Side Effect
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A peculiar and unusual rxn or response to the usual therapeutic dose of a drug.
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Idiosyncratic effect
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When combined effects of two drugs acting simultaneously are greater than the algebraic sum or the individual effects of these drugs.
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Synergism
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Medicin that is capable of binding with receptors to induce a cellular response.
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Agonist
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Medicine that produces a weaker or less effective response than an agonist.
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Partial Agonist
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A drug that reduces the physiologic effect of another drug.
Antidotes. Medicine that blocks the response of another drug. |
Antagonist
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Any substance that causes fetal abnormalities.
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Teratogen
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Have not shown an increased risk to fetal abnormalities.
(Folic Acid, Levothyroxine) |
Category A
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Studies indicate no risk to animal fetus, information on humans not available.
(Acetaminophen, CAffeine, Cephalosporin, Insulin, Ibuprofen) |
Category B
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Adverse effects reproted in animal fetus, information on humans not available.
(Albuterol, Aspirin, Codeine, Diphenhydramine) |
Category C
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Possible fetal risk in humans reported, however consider potential benefit vs. risk may warrant usage.
(Oral Hypoglycemic agents, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines) |
Category D
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Fetal abnormalities reported and positive evidence of risk in humans.
Not for use in pregnancy. (Estrogen, Progestin, Finasteride, Accutane) |
Category X
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