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234 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
_____________ can sometimes be used for projects that have a set of activities that are repeated several times
Laddering
______________ is an amount the contractor may want to include to cover the unexpected.
contingency
______________, based on a percentage of the total price, are those made as certain milestones are accomplished
progress payments
________________ are the tangible items that the contractor is to supply
deliverables
________________ contracts are most appropriate for projects that involve risk.
Cost reimbursement
________________ is the systematic arrangement of tasks to accomplish an objective
Planning
________________ the project involves measuring actual progress and comparing it to planned progress
Controlling
_________________ is the difference between the cumulative earned value of the work performed and the cumulative actual cost.
Cost variance
____________________ is a method for developing the shortest schedule when the number or amount of available resources is fixed.
resource limited scheduling
____________________ is the amount of time a particular activity can be delayed without delaying the earliest start time of its immediately succeeding activities.
Free Slack
_____________________ is the value of the work actually performed.
Earned value
______________________ will extend the project completion time if necessary in order to keep within the resource limits.
resource limited scheduling
3 of the 5 VIA Personality Strengths that correlate to a high degree of life satisfaction or happiness
curiosity, zest, gratitude, love and be loved and hope/optimism
5 examples of resources that might be utilized on a project
people, equipment, machines, tools, facilities, space
A _____________ clause in a contract states how and when a contract can be ended.
termination
A _____________ is a pre-defined set of actions that would be implemented if the risk event occurs.
contingency plan
A _____________ is defined as a piece of work that consumes time
Activity
A ________________ deals with the scope of the project, outlining the tasks or work elements the customer wants the contractor or project team to perform
statement of work
A contract is an agreement between the contractor, who agrees to provide a product or service (deliverables), and the customer, who agrees to pay the contractor a certain amount in return.
T
A dummy activity consumes ______ time
Zero
A high degree of face-to-face communication is especially important early in a project.
T
A method for developing a schedule that attempts to minimize the fluctuations in requirements for resources (while keeping the required completion time the same)
resource leveling
A network diagram shows the necessary sequence and interdependencies of activities to achieve the project objective
T
A preliminary design review meeting occurs when the contractor has completed the initial conceptual specifications, drawings, or flowcharts.
T
A project status review meeting is usually led or called by the project team.
F
A project-type organization can be cost-inefficient both for individual projects and for the company.
T
A proposal is a _____________ document
it is not a ____________ report.
selling, technical
A proposal should give the estimated costs for the various classifications of people who are expected to work on the project.
T
A work analysis chart is a hierarchical tree of products that usually identifies the organization or individual responsible for each work package
F
 reasons why a project manager should have a post-project evaluation meeting with a customer (4)
To determine whether the project provided the customer with the anticipated benefits
To assess the level of customer satisfaction
To obtain feedback
To ask about the possibility of additional projects
Activities are linked in a ________________ order to show which activities must be finished before others can start.
Precedential
Activities in a network diagram are drawn in a _________ relationship because, from a technical standpoint, they must be performed in that sequence.
serial
activities involved with terminating a project
Organizing and filing project documents
Receiving and making final payments
Conducting post-project evaluation meetings
Verifying that all deliverables were provided
After a meeting, the meeting results should typically be published within _____________.
one day
Allocating total project costs for the various elements to the appropriate work packages in the work breakdown structure will establish a ___________________ for each work package.
total budgeted cost
An activity that must be performed during the performing phase is assuring that the final payment has been collected from the customer.
F
An agenda should be distributed _______________ of the meeting to those invited.
well in advance
Are activities in a network diagram drawn in a parallel relationship because, from a technical standpoint, they can be performed in any sequence?
No
Are large dollar amounts that are expended for materials or services that are used over a period of time longer than one cost reporting period called coventional costs?
No
Are the ES and EF times determined by calculating forward through the network?
Yes
Barriers to effective communication include:
Interpersonal issues and cultural differences.
Organizational structure and technology.
Poor education and lack of training.
Because the expenses for resources can be accrued at different times throughout a project, do most software systems allow you to create charges for a resource at the beginning of its use, at fixed intervals, or at the end of the project?
Yes
Business or government customers may hold a _______ meeting to explain the RFP and answer questions from interested contractors
bidders
Can an activity be completed in less than its crash time, no matter how many additional resources are applied?
No
Can resources constrain the project schedule?
Yes
Contractors must continue to be proactive even after the proposal is submitted.
T
Contractors must wait until formal RFP solicitations are announced by customers before starting to develop proposals.
F
CPI=
CPI= CEV / CAV
CPI>1 is good
CPM stands for
critical path method
Customers will sometimes provide a final opportunity for contractors to convince them that their proposal will provide the best value by allowing them to submit a:
best and final offer
CV=
CV= CEV-CAV
Determining the earned value involves collecting data on the percent complete for each work package and then converting this percentage to a dollar amount by multiplying the _________________ of the work package by the percent complete.
total budgeted cost
Do most software packages allow you to create and maintain a list of resources that can be accessed by all of the tasks within a project?
Yes
Do resources include people, equipment, machines, tools, facilities, and space.
Yes
Do the finish estimates (FE) of completed activities determine the earliest start and earliest finish times for the remaining activities in the network diagram, as well as the total slack?
No
Does an activity require the expenditure of effort by people?
No
Does cost planning start when a proposal for the project has been accepted by the client?
No
Does determining the earned value involve collecting data on the percent complete for only the last work package.
No
Does each activity have two pairs of duration and cost estimates: normal and flash?
No
Does the duration estimate for each activity include any associated waiting time?
No
Does the planning function depend on the scheduling function when the network planning techniques are used?
No
does the project control process continue throughout the project?
Yes
Does the WBB break a project down into manageable pieces, or items, to help ensure that all of the work elements needed to complete the project work scope are identified?
No
Does there often seem to be an inclination to be overly pessimistic and make a low percent complete estimate too soon?
No
During each reporting period two kinds of data or information need to be collected
data on actual performance and any changes to scope, schedule and budget
EF=
ES + Duration
examples of evaluation criteria that might be included in an RFP (4)
The contractor's experience with similar projects
The technical approach proposed by the contractor
The schedule
The costs
FCAC=
FCAC= TBC/CPI
or
FCAC= CAC + (TBC - CEV)
or
FCAC= CAC + re-estimate coasts of remaining work
For a project, is the objective usually defined in terms of scope, packages, and cost?
No
Four attributes of a project
- a unique, one-time endeavor,
- specific time frame or finite life span, - has a customer,
- has a well-defined objective,
- involves a degree of uncertainty,
- has a series of interdependent tasks,
- utilizes resources
Funds that are unavailable to be spent elsewhere because they will be needed at some later time to pay for an item are called ____________ costs.
committed
guidelines for drafting a formal request for proposal to external contractors (3)
An RFP must provide a statement of work (SOW)
The RFP must include the customer requirements, which define specifications and attributes
The RFP should state what deliverables the customer expects the contractor or project team to provide
If __________ is positive, it represents the maximum amount of time that the activities on a particular path can be delayed without jeopardizing completion of the project by its required completion time.
Total Slack
If a decision is made on which corrective actions to take, they must be incorporated into the ___________ and _____________
schedule and budget
If possible, is it good practice to have the person who will be responsible for the costs associated with the work make the cost estimates?
Yes
If reports are kept brief, there is a better chance that they will be read.
T
If resources are to be considered in planning, is it necessary to indicate the amounts and types of resources needed to perform each activity?
Yes
If resources are to be considered in planning, it’s necessary to indicate the _________ of resources needed to perform each activity.
amount
In a _____________ contract the customer and the contractor agree on a price for the proposed work and that price remains fixed unless the customer and contractor agree on changes.
Fixed Price
In a ___________________ the customer agrees to pay the contractor for all actual costs (labor, materials, and so forth), regardless of amount, plus some agreed-upon profit.
cost reimbursement
In a Gantt chart, are activities listed down the left-handed side, and is the person responsible shown along the bottom?
No
In a network schedule, the name for the group of tasks with the smallest value of slack
critical path
In addition to establishing a baseline schedule for a project, is it also necessary to develop a baseline budget?
Yes
In addition to showing the technical constraints among activities, can the network diagram also exhibit resource constraints?
Yes
In general, if the reporting period is longer, are there better chances of identifying problems early and taking effective actions?
No
In many situations a request for proposal does not involve soliciting competitive proposals from external contractors.
T
In most cases, will eliminating negative slack by reducing durations of activities involve a trade-off in the form of an increase in production hours or an increase in scope?
No
In network planning, is it assumed that, when three time estimates are used for each activity, the they follow a bell probability distribution?
No
In project cost control, the two types of activities that are best to focus on for corrective actions to reduce a project’s cost.
activities that will be performed in the near term and activities that have a large cost estimate?
In resource-limited scheduling, when several activities need the same limited resource at the same time, the activities with the _______________ have first priority
least slack
In the _______ format, there is a special type of activity known as a dummy activity
AOA
In the AOA format, is an activity represented by a rectangle in the network diagram?
No
In the functional-type organization, each project is operated like a mini-company.
F
In the project organization structure, groups consist of individuals who perform the same function.
F
In the real world, are project objectives always spelled out clearly at the beginning of a project?
No
Internally, there should be one type of post-project meeting: a group meeting with the entire project team
F
Is a method to indicate the network diagram which activities have been completed is to shade or crosshatch the activity box?
Yes
Is a network diagram typically not drawn to a time scale?
Yes
Is free change the amount of time a particular activity can be delayed without delaying the earliest start time of its immediately succeeding activities?
No
Is free slack a relative difference between values of total slack and is it always a positive value?
Yes
Is it good practice to have the person who will be responsible for performing a particular activity to help make the duration estimate for that activity?
Yes
Is resource monitoring a method for developing a schedule that attempts to minimize the fluctuations in requirements for resources?
No
Is the cost performance index a measure of the cost efficiency with which the project is being performed.
Yes
Is the cost variance (CV) the difference between the cumulative earned value of the work performed and the cumulative budgeted cost?
No
Is the key to effective project control to measure production quality and compare it to efficiency measures on a timely and regular basis and to take necessary corrective action immediately?
Yes
Is the latest finish time the latest time by which a particular activity must be finished in order for the entire project to be completed by its required completion time?
Yes
Is the longest path in the overall network diagram called the extreme path?
No
Is the TBC for each work package be the multiplication of the costs of all the activities that make up that work package?
No
Is the time-quality trade-off methodology used to incrementally reduce the project duration with the smallest associated increase in incremental cost?
No
It is important that the people who will be involved in performing the project also participate in planning the work
T
It’s much wiser to take aggressive corrective action to reduce the durations of activities that will be done in the ____________ than to plan to reduce the durations of activities that are scheduled sometime in the ___________.
near term, future
LS =
LF - Duration
Materials are typically part of the ________ section of a proposal.
cost
Must an activity’s duration estimate be based on the quantity of resources expected to be used on the activity?
Yes
On average, for every hour you spend planning a project, you save ____________ hours performing the project.
3
Once a project actually starts, is it necessary to monitor the progress to ensure that everything is going according to schedule?
Yes
Once the project starts, it’s necessary to keep track of actual cost and committed cost so that they can be compared to the _______________.
cumulative budgeted cost
One of the major drawbacks to the traditional Gantt chart is that it does not graphically display the ______________ of activities
interrelationships
Performing, or doing, the project—implementing the proposed solution—is the third phase of the project life cycle
T
PERT stands for
program evaluation and review technique
Pre-RFP or pre-proposal efforts by a contractor are considered marketing or business development but are still frequently charged to the customer.
F
Project management should be a reactive approach to controlling a project
F
Projects usually overrun their budgets, miss completion dates or only partially satisfy their technical specifications because there is ______________________.
No Viable Baseline Plan
Proposals are often organized into three sections:
technical, management, and cost
Resource utilization charts based on each activity’s earliest start time are said to be based on an _____________________ schedule.
as-soon-as-possible
Resource utilization charts based on each activity’s latest start time are said to be based on an __________________ schedule.
as-late-as-possible
Risk _____________ involves identifying, assessing, and responding to project risks in order to minimize the likelihood and impact of the consequences of adverse events on the achievement of the project objective
management
Scheduling determines what needs to be done, who will do it, how long it will take, and how much it will cost
F
Should the project control process occur once at the beginning and then again at the end of the project?
No
Some contracts provide bonuses for finishing early. 
T
T/F: A network diagram shows the necessary sequence and interdependencies of activities to achieve the project objective
T
T/F: A work analysis chart is a hierarchical tree of products that usually identifies the organization or individual responsible for each work package
F
T/F: All project life cycles include the preparation of a written Request For Proposal (RFP) and subsequent proposals from contractor
F
T/F: An activity that must be performed during the performing phase is assuring that the final payment has been collected from the customer.
F
T/F: Any customer-supplied items are not listed in an RFP.
F
T/F: If the contractor cannot meet a specific customer requirement, that fact should be avoided in the contractor proposal. 
F
T/F: In a cost reimbursement contract the customer will pay the contractor a fixed amount regardless of how much the work actually costs the contractor.
F
T/F: In many situations a request for proposal does not involve soliciting competitive proposals from external contractors.
T
T/F: In order to effectively control a project, the project manager should gather actual performance data at the start of each reporting period then wait until the end of the reporting period to use this data to take corrective action.
F
T/F: Instructions in an RFP might state the maximum number of pages, the number of details the customer wants the contractor to show regarding the costs, and other specifications.
T
T/F: Internally, there should be one type of post-project meeting: a group meeting with the entire project team
F
T/F: It is important that the people who will be involved in performing the project also participate in planning the work
T
T/F: Once the project has begun, actual progress should be compared to the baseline plan on a regular and repeating basis.
T
T/F: Performing, or doing, the project, implementing the proposed solution, is the third phase of the project life cycle
T
T/F: Pre-RFP or pre-proposal efforts by a contractor are considered marketing or business development but are still frequently charged to the customer.
F
T/F: Project management should be a reactive approach to controlling a project
F
T/F: Project selection involves evaluating various needs or opportunities, and then deciding which of these should be moved forward as a project.
T
T/F: Scheduling determines what needs to be done, who will do it, how long it will take, and how much it will cost
F
T/F: The contractor doesn't need to waste the time needed to think through the project and estimate costs during proposal preparation
ballpark estimates usually work just fine.
F
T/F: The needs and requirements are usually written up by the customer in a document called a request for prices (RFP).
F
T/F: The objective of a project is usually defined in terms of resources, schedule, and cost.
F
T/F: The objective of the management section of the contractor proposal is to convince the customer that the contractor understands the need or problem and can provide the least risky and most beneficial solution.
F
T/F: The people involved in performing the project should not participate in planning the work. It is the project manager's job to create the project plan.
F
T/F: The project control process continues throughout the project phase of the life cycle
T
T/F: The purpose of preparing a request for proposal is to state, comprehensively and in detail, what is required, from the contractor’s point of view, to address the identified need
F
T/F: The purpose of properly terminating a project is to learn from the experience in order to improve performance on future projects.
T
T/F: There are never any reasons why a project should be terminated before it is completed
F
T/F: While getting electronic notices of released RFP's is good, if the first time you've heard of an RFP is when you're reading the formal, released document, it's probably too late successfully bid on it (e.g. win the contract).
T
T/F? A project breakdown list (PBL) is a hierarchical tree of products produced by the project team during the project.
F
T/F? A project is an endeavor to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set of interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources.
T
T/F? A statement of work (SOW) is an optional part of an RFP.
F
T/F? All project life cycles include the preparation of a written request for proposal and subsequent proposals from contractors
F
T/F? In a cost contract the customer will pay the contractor a fixed amount regardless of how much the work actually costs the contractor.
"F
T/F? The needs and requirements are usually written up by the customer in a document called a request for prices (RFP).
"F
T/F? The objective of a project is usually defined in terms of resources, schedule, and cost.
F
T/F? The RFP should indicate the due date by which the customer expects potential contractors to submit proposals.
T
T/F? The scope of a project is all the work that must be done in order to satisfy the customer that the deliverables meet the requirements or acceptance criteria agreed upon at the onset of the project.
T
T/F? There are five main phases of a project life cycle.
F
Teamwork with other functions is not emphasized, and there is little cross-fertilization of ideas in the ________________ organization structure.
functional
The ______ of completed activities will determine the earliest start and earliest finish times for the remaining activities in the network diagram, as well as the total slack.
actual finish times
The _______ for the entire project or each work package provides a baseline against which actual cost and work performance can be compared at any time during the project.
cumulative budgeted cost
The _______ time is the shortest estimated length of time in which the activity can be completed.
crash
The ________ organization structure allows for fast response upon problem identification because it has both a horizontal (project) and a vertical (functional) path for the flow of information.
matrix
The ________ phase of the project life cycle is the development of a proposed solution to the need or problem.
second
The _________ for a project is the timetable that specifies when each activity should start and finish.
schedule
The _____________ breaks a project down into manageable pieces, or items, to help ensure that all of the work elements needed to complete the project work scope are identified
Work Breakdown Structure
The ______________ time for a particular activity must be the same as or earlier than the earliest of all the latest start times of all the activities emerging directly from that particular activity.
latest finish
The __________________ type organization structure is highly responsive to the customer.
project
The ___________________ is a method used to display, in tabular format, the individuals responsible for accomplishing the work items in the WBS
responsibility matrix
The ________________________ is the amount that is budgeted to accomplish the work that was scheduled to be performed up to a certain point in time.
cumulative budgeted cost
The 2 main types of contracts (with regards to payment terms)
fixed price and cost reimbursement (time & materials, cost plus)
The 3 main sections of a proposal
technical, management and cost sections
The 4 stages of team development and growth
Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing
The amount of ____________ should determine the priority with which concentrated efforts are applied.
slack
The competition should be considered before preparing a proposal. 
T
The consideration of resources adds another dimension to planning and ____________.
scheduling
The cost performance analysis should include identifying those work packages that have a negative cost variance or a cost performance index of less than _____.
1
The development of proposed solutions by interested contractors or by the customer’s internal project team in response to a customer’s request for proposal is the ________ phase of the project life cycle.
second
The first step in the project selection process is to
develop a set of criteria to evaluate each opportunity
The fixed price type of contract provides low risk for the customer.
T
The foundations for success in project management include teamwork, collaboration, and communication.
T
The front-end effort in managing a project must be focused on establishing a:
baseline plan
The Gantt chart combines the two functions of _____________________
planning and scheduling
The key to effective ______________is measuring actual progress and comparing it to planned progress on a timely and regular basis and taking corrective action immediately, if necessary.
Project Control
The key to managing _________ is to ensure that cash comes in faster than it goes out.
cash flow
The lowest-level item of any one branch is called a ___________
Work Package
The matrix structure allows efficient utilization of resources by having individuals from various functions assigned to work part-time, if necessary, on specific projects or by having them assigned for only a limited duration to certain projects.
T
The number of participants in a meeting should be the maximum number needed to achieve the purpose of the meeting
F
The objective of the ___________section of the contractor proposal is to convince the customer that the contractor can do the proposed work (the project) and achieve the intended results.
management
The objective of the management section of the contractor proposal is to convince the customer that the contractor understands the need or problem and can provide the least risky and most beneficial solution.
F
The objective of this organization structure is to maximize the number of functional person-hours applied to work on projects and minimize the unapplied time.
matrix
The overall window of time in which a project must be completed is defined by its ____________________ time and ____________________ time.
estimated start, required completion
The project control process continues throughout the project phase of the life cycle
T
The purpose of the Gallup Q12 Survey
measure employee engagement
The purposes of a ____________ should be to determine whether the project provided the customer with the anticipated benefits, to assess the level of customer satisfaction, and to obtain any feedback that would be helpful in future business relationships with this or other customers
post-project evaluation meeting with the customer
The RFP must include the customer requirements, which define ____________ and attributes
specifications
The successful accomplishment of the project objective is usually constrained by four factors:
scope, cost, schedule, and customer satisfaction
The term for making sure that payments are received from the customer in time for you to cover the costs of performing the project
cash flow
The third phase of the project life cycle has two parts
Detailed planning and implementing that plan
There are basically two types of contracts:
fixed price and cost reimbursement
There are never any reasons why a project should be terminated before it is completed
F
Throughout a project, should changes always be resisted if they have an impact on the schedule?
Yes
Total Slack =
LF - EF
Two popular formats for drawing network diagrams are
Activity in the box and Activity on the box
Ultimately, the responsibility of the project manager is to:
make sure the customer is satisfied
What are activities involved with terminating a project? (4)
Organizing and filing project documents
Receiving and making final payments
Conducting post-project evaluation meetings
Verifying that all deliverables were provided
What four characteristics should the objective have?
Clear, Attainable, Specific, and Measurable
What is the longest path in the overall network diagram called?
Most Critical
What is true about face to face communication?
Offers capacity for interruption, repair, feedback, and learning.
It is possible to send and receive messages simultaneously.
Informal style with rapid exchange is essential.
What is true regarding a meeting summary document?
It should be concise and kept to one page if possible.
It should confirm decisions that were made.
It should list the action items, including who is responsible, the estimated completion date and expected deliverables
When all the detailed activities have been defined for each of the work packages, the next step is to graphically portray them in a __________________ that shows the appropriate sequence and interrelationships to accomplish the overall project work scope.
Network Diagram
When attempting to get a schedule back on track, is the path with the most positive slack given the top priority?
No
When changes are agreed upon, a new ______________ should be established and used as the benchmark against which actual project performance will be compared.
baseline plan
When modifying a project schedule, usually ____________ activities present the opportunity for larger reductions.
longer-duration
When the customer requests a change, should the contractor or project team estimate the impact on the project budget and schedule and then obtain customer approval before proceeding?
Yes
Which of the following are reasons why a project manager should have a post-project evaluation meeting with a customer?
To determine whether the project provided the customer with the anticipated benefits
To assess the level of customer satisfaction
To obtain feedback
To ask about the possibility of additional projects
Which of the following criteria might be used by the customer to evaluate proposals? (5)
Management Capability, Soundness of the approach
Risk
Price
Realism of the Contractor's Sched
Contractor's experience and success with similar projects
Which of the following factors might a contractor consider before deciding whether or not to prepare a proposal? (6)
Costomer's funds
Project Resources
Overhead cost of preparing the proposal
contractor's mission statement
competition
risk
Which section of a proposal should stress the benefits to the customer?
technical
Which section of a proposal should stress the benefits to the customer?
Technical
Will resource-limited scheduling extend the project completion time if necessary in order to keep within the resource limits?
Yes
With projects for which there is a high degree of uncertainty about the activity duration estimates, name the duration estimates that should be used. (3)
Optimism, Pessimistic, and Most Likely
With the CBC values, is it possible to draw a cumulative budgeted cost curve?
Yes
Written communication should be used as frequently as possible.
F