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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define sex and prostitution
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-Prostitution: renting of one’s body for sexual purposes
-Sex: activities associated with arousal, intercourse, and reproduction. |
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sex tourism
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-visiting a foreign country with goal of having sex with prostitute.
-Becoming so common,now a movement to create an international court to punish offenders. |
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how each of the 3 theories address every chapter
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?
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streetwalkers
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-lowest status among prostitutes, most frequently arrested.
-In some U.S. cities, some are aggressive, hailing passing cars and opening doors stopped at traffic lights. -Drug addicts involved in other criminal behavior. |
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reason(s) why ppl become prostitutes
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-Researchers focus on streetwalkers (Biased sampling, means most research comes from poor women who've been arrested)
-Simplest answer is money -Abused as children, most often by men, become locked into a way of life which continue to be victimized -“Fallen in love” with a pimp |
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stages of prostitution
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-stage 1: women drift from casual sex to first act of prostitution
-stage 2: Transitional Deviance: experience role ambivalence, conflicting emotions regarding decision to become a prostitute. Girls try to normalize acts. -stage 3: Professionalization: identify themselves as prostitutes |
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define pornography
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writings, pictures, or objects of a sexual nature that ppl object to as being filthy or immoral
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messe commission (1980s Pres. Reagan)
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-Concluded that pornography does indeed pose serious threat to women
-also “common-sense” makes it evident that violent pornography causes sex crimes -If all we need is common sense, we wouldn’t need science,which requires evidence |
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victimless crime
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-refers to illegal acts between consenting adults.
-Not all prostitution/pornography involve victimless crimes |
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define drug and drug abuse
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-drug:a substance ppl take to produce change in thinking , consciousness, emotions, bodily functions or behavior.
-drug abuse:using drugs in a way that harm one’s health, impair physical/mental functioning, or interfere with social life. -We are pro-drug society |
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different reactions to alcohol/drug abuse (ex: withdrawal vs. craving)
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-withdrawal:intense distress-nausea,vomiting, pains, depression what they feel when abstain from drug.
-withdrawal creates craving (intense desires for missed drug). even after kicked habit, craving lasts years. -occasional desire for drug:psychological dependence |
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medicalization of human problems
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-offering medical “solution” for problems that ppl confront in everyday life
-Physicians prescribe drugs for conditions ppl used to assume were normal part of life -Abuse of prescription drugs to get high became increasingly prevalent among teens/young adults -Who benefits? Drug industry Physicians/pharmacists |
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our current approach to drugs
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?
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methadone maintenance
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example of how labels illegal and legal play key role in developing social policy
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define social class and social inequality
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-social class: way economic differences among groups/individuals in society are measured
-social inequality:unequal distribution of wealth, income, power, and poverty |
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define economy and real income
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-economy: entire social institution that produces and distributes goods and services
-real income: income adjusted for inflation |
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different types of poverty
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-biological poverty: starvation and malnutrition, poor housing and clothing
-relative poverty: people living below standard of living for their society -official poverty: income level at which people eligible for welfare -problems with poverty line: not adjusted for different costs of living |
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poverty line
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-official measure of poverty; based on three times low-cost food budget.
-problems with poverty line: not adjusted for different costs of living, not up to date. |
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define structural inequality
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-inequality built into our economic and social institutions.
-solution requires changes in structure, which is creation of more jobs. |
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impact structural inequality has on income and wealth
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inequality of income: flow of money ppl receive from work and investments.
-one-fifth (20%) of our pop. receives half of nation’s income inequality of wealth: property, savings, investments, and economic assets ppl own. -one-third of nation’s wealth in hands of 1% of pop. -whites have 6x wealth of minorities, on average -more poor whites than poor African Americans and Latinos Wealth and power: vast wealth brings vast power (cocoon of privilege) |
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means of production
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?
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false class consciousness
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-mistaken idea of future prosperity.
-acceptance of view of dominant class and failing to recognize that one is being exploited. |
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culture of poverty
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-definition: ppl who remain poor develop way of life that traps them in poverty.
-some ppl do adopt culture of poverty that perpetuates poor lifestyles -sociologists focus on structural components and do not blame poor -most children of poor do not grow up to be poor |
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interest groups
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-groups organized around some specific interest (from the dairy industry to animal rights)
-ppl united by their mutual interests |
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power elite and pluralists (what's the difference between the two?)
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-power elite: small, wealthy group makes decisions that direct country and the world (military, political, and corporate).
-not a formal organization; instead, many working together with shared interests and way of thinking. -pluralists: argue there is no power elite, but instead many interest groups: people united by their mutual interests |
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culture of wealth
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-set of institutions, customs, values, worldviews, family ties, and connections.
-allow the rich and powerful to perpetuate their privileges -sociologists are concerned concentration of wealth and power violates democratic process |
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feminization of poverty
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poverty in the U.S. has become concentrated among women and children.
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difference between fam. of orientation and fam. of procreation
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-family of orientation: fam. to which child connects through socialization. into which ppl are born which receive basic orientations to life.
-family of procreation: fam. formed when couple has its first child. formed by marriage and results in birth of children. |
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cohabitation
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-living together in a sexual relationship outside marriage.
-cohabitation and marrying at a later age: -changes in age at first marriage -remaining single |
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middle-town study
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?
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