Final Earth Science Review Questions

Front 1

How does Genesis 1:26 relate to the scientific endeavor?

Back 1

ch.1
God put us on the Earth to know and understand it in order to take care of it.
~Audri

Front 2

How does the effect that geocentrism was believed for 2000 years illuminate the nature of science?

Back 2

The nature of science is always changing because the information
is always changing. You can't always relay on the facts because even the knowledge of major facts can change like the example of geocentrism.
-Geoara Beleeved

Front 3

What are some evidences of the earth's rotation?

Back 3

ch2
The Coriolis Effect; Photo Evidence; Foucalt Pendulam; and the bulge in the middle of the Earth
~Audri

Front 4

What are evidences of the earth's revolution?

Back 4

ch2
tides, movement of the stars, seasons
~Audri

Front 5

What are evidences of the earth's shape?

Back 5

ch2
Ship example, eclipses, earth's shape on the moon
~Audri

Front 6

What are the causes of seasons?

Back 6

ch2
Tilt of the earth, axis
~Audri
(23 1/2*)

Front 7

What is the sun's position relative to the galaxy?

Back 7

ch4
It's on the outer edge of the Milky Way Galaxie on one of the spirals.
~Audri

Front 8

What is the sun's size relative to the earth?

Back 8

ch4
It's 330 thousand times more massive relative to the Earth.
~Audri

Front 9

What is the sun's size relative to the other stars?

Back 9

is a yellow dwarf; it's smaller than some stars but bigger than others, so it's average.
~?/Audri

Front 10

What types of electromagnetic waves does the sun emit?

Back 10

ch4
x-rays, radio waves, visible light
-Shockee X. Rays

Front 11

What is the relationship between the star color and star surface temperature?

Back 11

ch4
The hotter the temp. - the bluer/violet the light; The colder the temp. - the redder the light.
~Audri

Hint 11

ROY G BIV

Front 12

What are the causes and effects on the earth of both sun spots and solar flares

Back 12

ch4
Causes for solar flare: opposing magnetic fields associated with sunspots come together to destroy each other. Effects for that: extremely large particle clouds from the sun are lost in space(cause norther/southern lights), emissions of untraviolet radiation and x-rays, damage satellites, electrical power grid and sommunications systems.
Causes for Sun-spots: local irregularities in the sun's magnetic field.
Effects for that: Effects shortwave radio transmissions, shoot out charged particles at high speeds, and possibly the weather.
~Audri/Amy

Front 13

What is taking place inside the core of the sun to generate its energy

Back 13

ch4 Nuclear Fusion - Hydrogen atoms combine to form Heleum, giving off energy
-Kirst

Front 14

What does it mean for a planet to have an eccentricity of 0?

Back 14

A planet with an eccentricity of 0 has a perfectly circular orbit (not an oval-shaped orbit that planets usually have)~Adam K.

Front 15

How does a planet's albedo relate to its brightness?

Back 15

ch5
The higher the planet's albedo (reflection ability), the brighter it's brightness.
-Albedando Brightnessora

Front 16

What two factors effect a planet's surface gravitation?

Back 16

ch5
It's size and mass
~Audri

Front 17

Why do superior planets appear to be involved in retrograde motion?:

Back 17

ch5
Thier orbits are so much bigger.
~audri
the earth is going faster and as we pass the outer planet, it looks like it is goin backwards.

Front 18

Why do most of the superior planets have such low density?

Back 18

ch5
Their gaseous
~audri

Front 19

Why is Mercury often called a morning or evening star?

Back 19

ch5
It is named this because it is so close to the sun it can not be seen unless is moves far enough east or west of the sun as seen from earth, which is no more than an hour and a half after the sun sets or before the sun rises.
-Amy

Front 20

Why does Mercury have no atmospere?

Back 20

ch5
It's so hot and fast that it lacks gravity
-Slicka An. Speadior

Front 21

What effect does Mercury's absence of atmosphere have?

Back 21

ch5
An atmosphere modifies a planet's temperature/climate.

Because mercury has no atmosphere, it has much more of an extreme climate (very hot on one side, extremely cold on the other). The lack of atmosphere also allows for meteorites to fall easier and create craters.
-Sophia

Front 22

How does Mercury's absence of atmosphere effect its surface temperature:

Back 22

ch5
Mercury experiences extreme temperature differences - hot on one side, extremely cold on the other.
-Sophia

Front 23

How is Venus similar to and different from the Earth?

Back 23

ch5
they are similar in size, mass, gravity and density. but different in temperature, water (venus has none), volcanos covering surface of venus (not as many on earth), venus has no moon, atmosphereic composition and venus rotates backwards (?)
-Venus Williams

Front 24

What is curious about the rotation of Venus, Pluto, and Uranus?

Back 24

They all are retrograde rotate from east to west.

Uranus and Pluto are very inclined (extreme in their orbit).
-Curius Rotatee

Front 25

Describe the eccentricity, orbit, and structure of comets

Back 25

ch6
very eccentric (oval), orbit around the sun, made up of ice and rock with a head type 1 tail(gas) and type 2 tail(dust).
~audri/Amy

Front 26

Compare the earth's surface gravity and size to the moon's surface gravity and size.

Back 26

ch7 The Earth's surface gravity
is much greater because it has much more mass .
Levi
The moon's surface gravity is 1/6 as great as the earth's. The diameter of the moon is less than that of the united states.

Front 27

Compare the moon's orbital period with its rotational period.

Back 27

ch7
it's rotational period is 27 1/3 days; it's orbital period (if observed from a nearby star) takes about 27 1/3 days. If oberserved from earth: 29 1/2 days.
~audri

Front 28

Explain how both a solar and lunar eclipse occur.

Back 28

ch7 A solar eclipse is when the moon is between the earth and sun, blocking the sun's light. This only occurs during a new moon
A lunar eclipse is when the earth is between the sun and the moon, blocking the sun's light from reflecting off the moon. This only occurs during a full moon
-kirst

Front 29

Give a brief overview on theories of the origin of the moon.

Back 29

ch7 One theory is that, when the earth was forming, some huge object hit the earth Knocking out a piece of the earth which became the moon. Another theory is that some celestial body (maybe a comet) got caught in the gravitational field of the earth and began revolving around the earth. there's more theories but someone else can write them in.
Levi

Front 30

Elaborate on the relative abundance of gases in the troposphere.

Back 30

ch9
78% Nitrogen
21% oxygen
1 % water, hydrogen, helium etc...
Levi

Front 31

How does the relative abundance of gases in the troposphere change with altitude?

Back 31

ch9
The density of gases decreases as the altitude increases.

Levi

Front 32

How would you expect the temperature to change by increasing 3000 ft in altitude in the troposphere?

Back 32

ch9
for Every 1000 ft. you loose 3.5 degrees F .so the temp would decrease by 10.5 degrees F
Levi

Front 33

What is the composition, location, and significance of the ozone layer?

Back 33

ch9 Ozone is O3 which is 3 oxygen atoms bound together the location is the upper region of the stratosphere and significance is that it blocks alot of harmful UV rays from hitting us.
Leeeevi

Front 34

What is the relationship between the greenhouse effect and the debate about man-made global warming?

Back 34

ch9
The greenhouse effect states that the gases that we create are acting as a blanket and holding in the earths heat.
So the more we make Co2 and other gases the more it helps the natural warming.
Levi

Front 35

Why is the sky blue?

Back 35

ch9 The blue color scatters the best in entering our atmosphere.

Levi

Front 36

Why and how are continental climates different than maritime climates?

Back 36

ch9
Water heats up and cools off slower than land. So in other words, the water is always one step behind the land in temperature. That is why in the spring, the sea is VERY cold and in the fall the sea is VERY warm.

Continental has a dryer climate and a maritime has a moist, humid climate.
Levi

Front 37

A decreasing atmospheric pressure usually indicates what future weather and why?

Back 37

ch9
A decrease in pressure means warmer air. Warm air masses usually have moisture so you can expect it to rain.
-Amy

Front 38

Why does the relative humidity increase at night?

Back 38

It increases because warm air can hold more moisture during the day the air is warmer but when it cools down at night the colder air can hold less moisture so the relative humidity increases. (changing the denominator)

-Amy

Front 39

Why does it feel colder when the wind is blowing?

Back 39

ch9
This is because the wind quickens the evaporation from our bodies. Evaporation uses energy and so thus it feels colder.
melon-ie

Front 40

Give several steps in cloud making.

Back 40

ch10 clouds form when the temperature of a mass of warm humid air decreases. The air rises and cools due adiabatic cooling. The colder air cannot hold the water vapor and forms into small droplets on condensation nuclei. If the droplets become too heavy it turns into rain.
-Arnold

Front 41

What happens when the air temperature reaches the dew point?

Back 41

ch10
It condenses
Levi

Front 42

Explain the formation of rain, sleet, hail, snow, freezing rain.

Back 42

ch 10 rain- water vapor that condenses into liquid water and falls as droplets, freezing rain- falls as rain and freezes when in contact with the surface, snow- ice crystals formed in upper atmosphere, sleet- when rain falls through a layer of cold air, hail- large ice pellets form like sleet but are larger because of updrafts and collect with other pellets or raindrops.
-Pamela

Front 43

How do mountains cause precipitation?

Back 43

ch10
Warm moist air hits the mountain the altitude increases: the temp cools. Because of the cold the moist air condenses and can rain
Levi

Front 44

How does the weather of a cold front differ from that of a warm front?

Back 44

ch11 cold advances faster, it pushes under a warm front, violent storms and heavy showers, warm front long steady rain.
-Anberlin Q.

Front 45

What causes the coriolis effect?

Back 45

ch11 THE rotation of the earth. The winds stay straight and the earth turns underneath it creating the appearance of the winds turning.
Levi

Hint 45

ask Tom

Front 46

Under what circumstances to sea breezes and land breezes develop?

Back 46

ch11 When there is a difference in temp between the land and sea. During sea breezes the land is warmer than the water.
During land breezes the sea is warmer than the land.
LEvi

Front 47

Explain the weather and winds at the following latitudes:
0 degrees, 15 degrees N, 30 degrees N, 45 degrees N, 60 degrees N

Back 47

ch 11
-Weather is hot, no wind, lot of rain
-Hot and temperate, *Winds from North East*
-Fair (high pressure)*no wind*
-Temperate, South Westerlies wind
-Rising air, cold, wind
(kayleigh)*kirst*

Front 48

Explain the rule for the distance of a lightning strike. If the thunder from a lightning strike reaches your ears in 15 seconds, how far away is it?

Back 48

5 seconds per mile
So, if it is 15 seconds, it is about 3 miles away.
-Whatever

Hint 48

5 seconds per mile

Front 49

Under what circumstances do hurricanes form and in what direction do they move in the Atlantic?

Back 49

ch11
they form over tropical or subtropical oceans, usually between 10 and 15 degrees of the equator where the Coriolis Effect is strong enough to start rotating the winds in a cyclonic wind pattern and where the water is warm enough. they generally move in a westerly direction.
~audri

Front 50

Under what circumstances do tornadoes form?

Back 50

ch11
They are associated with thunderstorms, hurricanes, tropical storms, and strong cold fronts. moisture, unstable air, lifting force.
~audri

Front 51

Convert from fahrenheit to celsius

Back 51

ch12
C=(F-32)divided by 1.8
F=(Cx1.8)+32
-Amy

Front 52

Be able to use a station model like the bottom of page 270.

Back 52

ch12
-Stasie Modela

Front 53

Explain the evidence of the earth's design in the earth's mass, rotation, atmosphere, and water

Back 53

All of these show how the planet is uniquely suited to suport life. The mass creates the right amount of gravity. The rate of rotation keeps the earth at the right temperature. Without the atmosphere, we'd freeze, plus it has the perfect combination of gases. Water is needed to survive and few other planets have it.
-B.Eartha GraMass

Front 54

Summarize the canopy theory and why it has been rejected by creation scientists

Back 54

The canopy theory states that during the flood there was a huge water vapor canopy covering the sky. This theory helped explain: continuous forty day rain,conditions before the flood such as large sizes of animals, longevity of humans, widespread tropical climate.
The original canopy theory began with the idea that there were 7 vaporous layers (canopies) around an evolving earth. Eventually they all collapsed except one which collapsed during the flood. This idea was rejected by "Creationists" who adopted the single canopy theory. They use Genesis 1:7 to support their theory. However, interpreting it could also be interpreted as refering to the sky and/or outer space. Scientists have run supercomputer models of the canopy theory. Their findings lead most to believe that the theory is not scientifically feasible.

Hint 54

Genesis 1:6-7 And God said, "Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water." 7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so

Front 55

Summarize the earth's layers from center to surface in composition, state, and temperature

Back 55

The earth is made up of five different layers: the crust (solid-basalts and granites, 0C), the upper mantle (solid but plastic, the lower mantle (solid but cooler), the inner core, and the outer core.

Front 56

Summarize the evidence for and arguments against using carbon 14 dating.

Back 56

ch13 several different dating methods agree with the dating of carbon 14. Each method uses

does it decay at a uniform rate? Reliability is uncertain after 5000 years due to collaboration curve.

Front 57

Why would the study of rocks be important for our current energy crisis?

Back 57

ch15

it may help us find more renewable resources, such as fossil fuels.
-Rockie Phossil

Front 58

Be able to thoroughly explain and elaborate on the processes and results of the rock cycle

Back 58

ch15m sediment compacting by pressure into sed. rocks, melting into lava, soldidfying into igneous rock, pressurizing into metamorphic rock, redoing into sediment. this is a little incomplete.
-Elabander rockie

Hint 58

p 387

Front 59

How do creationist view polystrate fossils and their significance

Back 59

ch15 the flood, through many layers, which usually long period of time, implies the deposits happened quickly
-Poly S. Phossil

Front 60

How does texture give a clue to the formation location of an igneous rock?

Back 60

ch15
If the rock is fine/glassy then it is an extrusive igneous rock, if it's coarse hahahahahahahahahaaaaaaaa
YOYOYOYO peace out dude !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-Usher R.

Front 61

Pumice, obsidian, and scoria are all rocks that have been rapidly cooled. What are their common characteristics?

Back 61

ch15 extrusive, rapidly cooled, glassy
-Puma O. Scorias

Front 62

What was the magnitude and the location of the latest Chinese earthquake? Why did it cause so much suffering?

Back 62

ch17longitude latitude magnitude
-Lotie Longe
*Sichuan Province. Magnitude 7.8.*
-Kirst

Front 63

List the basic types of mountains and a mountain range of each.

Back 63

ch16
Depositional mountain- Fuji
Fault-block mountain- Sierra Nevada
Fold Mountain- Rockies
Erosional- Catskills
-Sierra Mtnera

Front 64

List the evidences for continental drift.

Back 64

ch16
similar rock structure in South America and Africa, similar animals, observations, and sea-floor spreading.
-Conti Drifta

Front 65

Explain how and why the age of the crust changes near the mid-oceanic ridge

Back 65

ch16
Volcanoes create new crust?
-Crusty Edgerton

Front 66

Explain how subduction ultimately causes volcanoes

Back 66

ch16 the rock structures are exposed to heat and pressure and are liquefied which is forced up to a place of lower pressure, causing volcano. The liquid is the rock that was subducted.
-Subductie U. Volcans

Front 67

Where on earth are two continental plates crashing into each other?

Back 67

ch16 Himalaya Mountains
-Saralaya Mtnera

Front 68

Explain how scientists use the difference in arrival times between earthquake waves to find the location of the epicenter.

Back 68

ch17
P and S waves.. todo
-Pamela An. Skyler

Front 69

How do seismologists use shadow zones to infer the structure of the earth?

Back 69

ch17 when an earth quake occurs one of the waves is detected by the seismograph station, one of the waves can not go through liquid, so the inference is that part of the internal part of the earth is liquid.
-Seismie Uup

Front 70

How does the composition of magma determine the explosivity of a volcano?

Back 70

ch17 reference table

mafic high magnesium and iron content Hawiaiian islands are less explosive because they are mapic

felfic aluminum and silicate

continental are typically felfic

felfic magma do not flow as easily and have more gas, more explosive

Front 71

How does the explosivity create the shape of the volcano?

Back 71

ch17 mafic creates shield volcano dome shaped relativel flat slopes. felfic more explosive creates cinder cones,

composites cones are created when both are present. cones are in between the slope and cone.

Front 72

How does climate effect the rate of chemical weathering

Back 72

ch18 warmth and moisture promote chemical weathering by speeding up the reaction between acid and mineral.
-Clara Weatherhund

Front 73

Why does frost wedging occur in moderate climates and not in hot or cold climates?

Back 73

Because frost wedgeing is cause when water slips into a small crack in the groud then freezes and exspands leaving a larger than it went in. this occurs in moderate climates because ice is melting and freezing at different times. (because ice exspands by 9% when frozen.) - Luke

Front 74

Explain the development, composition, and relative fertility of soils.

Back 74

Development of soil is due to weathering and sedimentation. Soil's composition is sand, silt, clay, and humus. The soil is more fertile on the top soil and lessens and soil deepens. kayleigh

Front 75

Explain how the gradient of a stream changes over time

Back 75

The gradient lessens in a stream over time because it erodes and deposits the sediments. it gets less steep by taking material at top and depo at bottom Kayleigh

Front 76

Explain why streams meander and eventually develop ox bow lakes

Back 76

The water erodes soil from the outside of each meander and deposits sand and soil on the inside. During a flood the stream water may cut across the narrow part of a meander (the neck) and establish a new route called a neck cut-off. Kayleigh

Front 77

Explain the significance of ocean currents on climate and give 2 examples

Back 77

If it's cold water then your climate will be cold and dry. If it brings warm water your climate will be warm and moist. The gulf stream (England) and Labrador stream (Greenland). Kayleigh

Front 78

How must the moon, sun and earth be positioned in order for a neap tide to occur

Back 78

ch19
at a right angle when earth at vertex either 1st q or 3rd q. how many weeks apart are neap tides? 2 weeks
-Neapa Tidera

Front 79

Explain how glaciers develop, move, and alter the landscape.

Back 79

ch20 when the frozen precip(snow) accumulates faster than it melts over the summer, it becomes larger, compacts due to weight of new snow, becomes ice, gravity moves it, scrapes off and carries rocks, deposits moraines, drumlins (hills), and glacial till. It makes valleys deeper and more U shaped(if they are mountain glaciers, they can form hanging valleys.
-Glacie Develer

Front 80

List 3 different features in Western NY that are a result of glaciers

Back 80

ch. 20
The Finger lakes
Mendon Ponds- kettle holes
Drumlins near the finger lakes
kayleigh

Front 81

How does the creationary model explain the ice age?

Back 81

ch20 are short ice age occured after the flood, due to catastrophic events from the flood.

Front 82

Summarize the last five links on the website concerning the topics of chapter 21

Back 82

ch21