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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Paramount Case, 1938
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End of the old studio system. Changed the way studios were able to produce, distribute, and exhibit films. Justice Department sues Big 8 Studios claiming studios were a de-facto monopoly. In 1940, it was ruled that studios couldn't "block-book" or "blind buy" films. Studio fought back in 48 but lost. Forfeited shares in theater chains. Studios now had to be more selective and thus made fewer films. Independent films begin to make footing.
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Social Consciousness Films or Problem Pictures
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40s and 50s. Dealt with social issues like racial inequality, alcoholism, mental illness, etc. Close relation to this was the Melodrama (semi-documentary). Based on true story and had original participants.
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Arrival of Television
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1930, Farnsworth secures patent on TV. 1939 television is introduced at New York World's Fair. Studios refused to lease films to TV till '56 and would not let their signed actors appear on it.
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House Un-American Activities Committee (Huac) and the Hollywood Blacklist, 1947
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Created with the goal of finding commies in the film industry
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Hollywood 10
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Those who refused to testify. 43 sought out, 11 called, 10 denied.
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Waldorf Statement, 1947
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MPAA President Eric Johnston arranges a meeting at Waldorf Hotel where him and 48 studio execs agreed to never hire the Hollywood 10
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Hollywood Left and Film Noir
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The blacklisted group. mainly used film noir because of its focus on secrecy and betrayal
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The Mutual Case, 1915
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Film isn't under 1st amendment. Film not art, free to censor.
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Miracle Case, 1952
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Named after short film, "The Miracle". Overturned the Mutual Case.
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Production Code, 1930
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William Hays creates the production code. List of things films couldn't show. First time studios tried to self-censor.
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Joseph Breen, 1934
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Breen takes over for Hays in production code.
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Otto Preminger, 1952
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Preminger challenges code with "The Moon is Blue"
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Changing the Code
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1956, Shurlock and Johnston change the code. Can now say hell and damn.
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Excelsior Decision
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1957. Ban on on-screen nudity lifted. Brief wave of "nudie cuties".
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Jack Valenti and the MPAA
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1966. Valenti takes over MPAA. Creates "For Mature Audiences" with Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
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MGM Purchases Blow Up
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Film caused the change in MPAA in 1968 (G, PG, R, X)
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Teen Movies
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Teens transcended race and class. They also had money to spend
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New Hollywood
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Studios falling behind globally due to lack of recognizing that audiences are changing. Bonnie and Clyde - Jaws.
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New Hollywood Films
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Made with little money, new talent, mentioned drugs, sex, violence.
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New Hollywood Directors
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Film educated
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New Hollywood =
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Death of the Western
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4 key components of the Western
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Progress v Nostalgia,
Civilization v The Wild, Violence v Idealism, Male Bond v Rugged Individualism. |
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Adult Western, 50s and 60s
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Man's fight against society
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Changing of Ratings
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69: M becomes GP
72: GP becomes PG 84: PG-13 90: X becomes NC-17 |
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70's filmmakers
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Academically bred. Worked their way up the ladder.
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New American Horror, 70's
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Most important being "Rosemary's Baby"
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Mainstream Pornography
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June 72-June 73. Deep Throat, Behind the Green Door, The Devil in Miss Jones
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Miller V California
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Almost brought censorship back. 1973. Mass mailing for advertising of erotic bookseller Marvin Miller. Chief Justice Warren Berger ceded control of content regulation to local communities.
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Jenkins v Georgia
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1974. Case concerned prohibiting screening of Mike Nichols film Carnal Knowledge (1971). Georgia instituted state wide ban on film. Supreme court over turns it and says films under "R" rating cant be censored by local or state boards.
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Women's Films
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1970's. Pakula's Klutes (1971),
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Blaxploitation
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1968-1974. Shaft (Parks, 1971) and Super Fly (Parks Jr. 1972).Handsome and capable men who transcended immorality and criminality of urban landscapes. Melvin van Peebles another good filmmaker. Black films made by Black people. Protagonists are in control of their surroundings.
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Return to studio era
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80's. Cost of films skyrockets. Handful of companies control many aspects of popular media.
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Kevorkian Case
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April 79. Kervorkian sells 300,000 shares of MGM stock. Uses that money to purchase stock from Columbia Pictures (25% of it). Kervorkian now largest shareholder in two of sex companies. Justice Department files suit claiming the moved diminished market competition. In august of 79, court finds in favor of Kervorkian. He then purchases more stock now owning 35%. Fire at MGM grand stops Kervorkians uprising, but kickstarts era of deregulation in studios.
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Importance of Kervorkian
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Not a film mogul, thus beginning the trend of people financing film with no stake in artistic integrity.
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Screen Actors Guild Strike
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1980. Actors wanted revenue from future home box-office (TV and video sales and rentals). Universal responds by locking out other guilds. SAG backs down.
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Importance of SAG Strike
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Studios were now in markets so they were not dependent on actors for revenue. Public saw actors and directors as spoiled and lazy.
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Capitol Service Case
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Studios found a way to get around Paramount Decision through US v Capital Service. Case about 4 theater chains that owned 90% of Milwaukee's exhibition business. Chains entered into agreement to not bid against each other (collusion agreement). This diminished competition and minimized licensing costs. Court allows it.
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Importance of Capital Service
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Studios start buying theaters again. In 1986, Federal Trades Commission and Federal Communications Commission states they have no intention of fighting this. By 1987, ten companies controlled 50% of first run showcase screens.
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The Blockbuster
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1980. Return to genre film because people like Kervorkian are financing them. Star Wars and Raiders.
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Action-Adventure Film.
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Roots found in 192 Dr. No. Revolve around action sequences. This are our everyman heroes.
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Underground Film and Art House Cinema
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experimental film community creates "underground film". Subculture of subculture, transsexualism etc. Andy Warhol and Kuchar brothers.
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Midnight Movies
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Late 60s, Ben Barenholtz opens tiny theater called Elgin Theater. Successful space to show underground films. 1970, Bareholtz views private screening of El Topo, he loved it, convinced producers to let him screen the movie at midnight and 1am.
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Similarities of Barenholtz' midnight movies
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Extreme movies- extreme in everything they do. Most part, first time directors on low budget.
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End of Midnight Movies.
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70's when people buy home video players.
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Adrian Lyne/ Tim Burton
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sexual exploration in mainstream film. Fatal Attraction (1987), 9.5 weeks (85), and Indecent Proposal (93). Use of natural lighting and smoke machine. Be able to explain Burton.
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Catchword of Industry
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Synergy. 6 companies dominate mass media- AOL Time Warner, Disney, News Corp., Sony, Viacom, General Electric. Now nearly impossible for a film to lose money because of other marketing.
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New Marketing Strategies
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Numeric values applied to various aspects of film projects. If the number exceeds a preselected number, it is green lit. First is casting, then release date. It's all bout what's popular and when.
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Trailers
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Teaser and theatrical. Teasers focus on stars, theatrical reveal story to get you hyped.
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Commercial Independents
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Bigger companies creating smaller indie houses. Miramax, Focus Features. Originally started by picking up documentaries and foreign features. Weinstein Brothers.
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Oscars
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conservative, don't like things being too radical but still handle controversial topics.
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Niche Films
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Films made specifically for a certain crowd.
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