Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ of the airways.
A. destruction B. enlargement C. inflammation D. missing portions |
C. Inflammation
|
|
Piaget believed that between the ages of two and six, it is difficult for children to think:
A. preoperational B. egocentric C. operational D. symbiotic |
A. Preoperational
|
|
By age ______, children are convinced certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other.
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 |
B.4
|
|
Co-sleeping may be harmful to the baby when the mother:
A. sleeps just as much as an infant who sleeps alone. B. will experience problems sleeping through the night for many years. C. sleeps more than an infant who sleeps alone. D. is in a fetal position around the baby. |
B. will experience problems sleeping through the night for many years
|
|
Which of the following would be an example of qualitative data collection?
A. Documenting how many hours of television an eight-year-old child watches per week. B. Observing and documenting the number of aggressive behaviors demonstrated by three-year-olds in a day-care setting. C. Interviewing all of the siblings of a pair of conjoined twins and asking them about their personal interactions. D. Measuring the heights and weights of a group of preschoolers. |
C. Interviewing all of the siblings of a pair of conjoined twins and asking them about their personal interactions.
|
|
Leila's grandmother was so excited to see her for the first time that s he rushed up, reached for her, and began to smother her with kisses. Unfortunately, Leila started to cry an turned away, but accepted her grandmother's approaches later in the day. Leila is most likely a(an):
A. slow-to-warm baby. B. baby who is hard to classify. C. easy baby. D. difficult baby. |
A. slow-to-warm baby.
|
|
Children's “increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control” all contribute to their sense of:
A. autonomy. B. egocentrism. C. peer values. D. conservation. |
A. autonomy.
|
|
The process by which thoughts and actions are repeated in sequence enough times to no longer require much conscious thought is called:
A. automatization. B. habituation. C. coordination. D. practice. |
A. automatization.
|
|
Which of the following is characteristic of the emotions that develop over the course of the first 2 years of life?
A. They adapt and change according to cognitive maps. B. They remain purely reflexive. C. They remain cautious and anticipatory. D. They are spontaneous and uncensored. |
D. They are spontaneous and uncensored.
|
|
The values, assumptions, customs, clothing, technologies, and art that a group of people have developed over the years as a design for living are referred to as their:
A. culture B. environment C. cohort D. ethnicity |
A. culture
|
|
In school years, Piaget believed that children are in the period of:
A. latency. B. concrete operational thought. C. preoperational thought. D. metacognitive thought. |
b. concrete operational thought
|
|
Behaviorism is also called:
A. analysis theory. B. emotional theory. C. learning theory. D. motivational theory. |
c. learning theory.
|
|
The body mass index (BMI) is the lowest of the life span at age:
A. 5. B. 1. C. 13. D. 9. |
a. 5
|
|
An apparent (but not actual) drop between one surface and another is called a(an):
A. visual cliff. B. actual cliff. C. illusion drop. D. zone of danger. |
a.visual cliff
|
|
An example of antisocial behavior is:
A. Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks. B. Jamie tries to share his toys with Jill. C. Courtney helps her mom rake the leaves. D. Holly watches while other children are playing jump rope. |
a.Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks
|
|
Most zygotes with serious chromosomal problems:
A. are stillborn. B. do not begin to develop or are aborted spontaneously. C. are born prematurely. D. are born after a full-term pregnancy. |
b. do not begin to develop or are aborted spontaneously
|
|
An individual's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as:
A. foreclosed identity. B. ethnic identity. C. gender identity. D. heterosexual identity. |
c. gender identity
|
|
Tammi, age 4 months, and Dawn, age 13 months, are left with a baby-sitter. How will they react?
A. Tammi will be more upset than Dawn. B. Neither is likely to show distress. C. Both Tammi and Dawn will be similar in experiencing separation anxiety. D. Dawn will probably show more distress than Tammi. |
d. Dawn will probably show more distress than Tammi
|
|
The inborn differences between people in emotions, self-regulation, and activities are called:
A. temperament. B. synesthesia. C. personality. D. genetics. |
a. temperament
|
|
According to Freud, each stage of development involves:
A. a major developmental crisis. B. potential conflicts. C. need for cultural adaptation. D. inappropriate sexual urges. |
b. potential conflicts
|
|
Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years is called:
A. phallic pride versus penis envy. B. the preoperational stage. C. initiative versus guilt. D. autonomy versus inferiority. |
c.initiative versus guilt
|
|
Make-believe play increases in early childhood. What is make-believe play with peers called?
A. Sociodramatic play B. Peer-interactive play C. Peer-centered play D. Share-play |
a. sociodramatic play
|
|
Brain damage, loss of vision, and mental retardation which may be caused by eating undercooked meat and handling cat feces or garden dirt is attributable to:
A. syphilis. B. toxoplasmosis. C. lead or mercury pollution. D. German measles. |
b. toxoplasmosis
|
|
Josh is 15 months old. His parents are happy in their marriage and financially stable. Most likely, Josh's attachment type will be:
A. secure. B. insecure-avoidant. C. insecure-resistant/avoidant. D. disorganized. |
a. secure
|
|
Within the ecological-systems approach, the customs of the society, as well as the economic and political philosophies of the nation, are all a part of the:
A. exosystem B. microsystem C. macrosystem D. mesosystem |
c. macrosystem
|
|
In their attempt to advise parents to minimize children's exposure to media, experts recommend that children under the age of 2 watch no:
A. more than 1 hour of television daily. B. more than 3 hours of television weekly. C. television. D. more than 30 minutes of television daily. |
c. television
|
|
The Swiss scientist who emphasized that infants are active learners andt hat early learning is based on sensory and motor skills was:
A. Noam Chomsky. B. Jean Piaget. C. Eleanor Gibson. D. Sigmund Freud. |
b. Jean Piaget
|
|
The most common disease of young children in developed nations is:
A. early tooth decay B. AIDS C. anemia D. insomnia |
a. early tooth decay
|
|
What is the name of the thick, high-calorie fluid that is secreted by a new mother's breasts for a few days following birth?
A. colostrum B. collodion C. breast milk D. glucose |
a. collostrum
|
|
Secondary prevention involves:
A. responding to the first warning signs of a problem. B. stopping a problem before it begins. C. removing the second child if the first has been abused. D. getting children out of abusive situations. |
a. responding to the first warning signs of a problem
|
|
The idea that “multiple attentional, social and linguistic cues” contribute to early language learning supports the idea of:
A. a hybrid theory of language learning. B. social impulse theories of language learning. C. behavioral theories of language learning. D. epigenetic theories of language learning. |
a.a hybrid theory of language learning
|
|
About what percentage of 3- and 4-year-olds in the United States are enrolled in preschool?
A. 30 B. 10 C. 50 D. 80 |
c. 50
|
|
A disorder that may result from abnormal development of the corpus collosum is:
A. extreme impulsivity. B. nearsightedness. C. hearing impairment. D. autism. |
d. autism
|
|
During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:
A. use senses and motor skills to understand the world. B. think logically and critically. C. think of past and future events. D. learn to use language to express sensations. |
a. use senses and motor skills to understand the world
|
|
Katie's 9-month-old son Jason sucks and chews on just about everything he finds-toys, books, fingers, and so forth. According to psychoanalytic theory, Jason is in the:
A. sensorimotor stage. B. attachment stage. C. oral stage. D. anal stage. |
c. oral
|
|
Maggie has dyslexia. Most likely, she experiences the most difficulty with the _____ of words.
A. sounding out B. sight C. perception D. spelling |
a. sounding out
|
|
One thing bullies and their victims have in common is:
A. false image of maleness. B. low tolerance for frustration. C. future involvement in aggression. D. inadequate emotional regulation. |
d. inadequate emotional regulation
|
|
Which of the following best describes the cortex of the brain?
A. It makes up a small percentage of the outer brain and is responsible for movement. B. It is found in the center of the brain and is responsible for primitive emotions and reflexes. C. It is the gray matter of the brain where the intersections of dendrites and axons form. D. It makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing. |
d. it makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing.
|
|
Thu is the youngest of four children. She has observed that her older sister is frequently given a treat when she offers to help clear the dinner table. Soon, Thu offers to help to clear the dinner table, even though she has never been asked to do so. What type of learning has taken place?
A. social learning B. classical conditioning C. operant conditioning D. unconscious learning |
a. social learning
|
|
Cohort refers to a group of people who:
A. are born within a few years of one another B. hold the same political beliefs C. support each other in times of stress D. participate in a scientific experiment |
a. are born within a few years of one another
|
|
The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to the functioning of:
A. high-level business companies. B. animals. C. computers. D. athletic teams. |
c. computers
|
|
According to psychoanalytic theories, human development is mainly determined by:
A. the environment in which we are raised. B. our unconscious motives and drives. C. The choices we make for ourselves. D. the way we think about and understand the world. |
b. our unconscious motives and drives
|
|
At the end of the second trimester, the fetus begins to develop hair all over called ________
A. Peach fuzz B. Angel hair C. Lumbago D. Lanugo |
d. Languo
|
|
Writing your name is a ____, whereas kicking a ball is a(an) ____.
A. coordination skill; inter-coordination skill B. fine motor skill; gross motor skill C. physical skill; cognitive skill D. sensorimotor skill; preoperational skill |
b.fine motor skill; gross motor skill
|
|
Studies comparing breast feeding with bottle feeding show that:
A. breast feeding is recommended for all mothers and babies. B. scientific improvements make bottle feeding a better choice C. breast fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches. D. breast feeding should stop when the baby gets the first tooth. |
c. breast fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches
|
|
A genome is:
A. the basic unit of heredity for a particular organism. B. the manufacturer of protein. C. the full set of genes for a particular organism. D. a molecule of DNA. |
c. the full set of genes for a particular organism
|
|
Which of the following reading and writing skills would be appropriate for a kindergartner?
A. decoding words with common prefixes and suffixes B. decoding multisyllabic words C. pronouncing the primary sound for each consonant D. reading accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words |
c. pronoucing the primary sound for each consonant
|
|
Because most traits are polygenic, they are:
A. constantly changing. B. the result of dominant genes. C. the result of recessive genes. D. produced by many genes. |
d.produced by many genes
|
|
Parents' beliefs that they mold their children's personalities may be diminished by the finding that:
A. most of the environmental effects may be from the “nonshared” environment. B. temperament defines personality. C. half of personality traits may be genetic. D. half of personality traits may be environmental. |
a. most of the environmental effects may be from the "nonshared" environment.
|
|
Erikson's second stage of development is called:
A. pride vs. shame. B. attachment vs. self-awareness. C. synchrony vs. attachment. D. autonomy vs. shame and doubt. |
d. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
|
|
What percentage of school-age children in the United States live in a single-parent home?
A. 64 B. 28 C. 15 D. 73 |
b.28
|
|
Han's parents immigrated to the United States from China. While they focused strongly on passing their cultural traditions down to their son, they were distressed to observe Han incorporating some American traditions into their Chinese heritage. It would be helpful for Han's parents to understand that:
A. Han is rejecting his Chinese heritage to fit in with his American friends. B. Han will want to return to China to experience his heritage purely. C. Han will experience his culture somewhat differently than his parents did because of moving to the United States. D. Han is confusing the traditions of two cultures simultaneously. |
c. Han will experience his culture somewhat differently than his parents did because of moving to the united states
|
|
Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who are:
A. authoritarian. B. permissive. C. abusive. D. overcontrolling. |
b. permissive
|
|
The scientific method:
A. is not generally used in psychology, as it is quite susceptible to researcher bias. B. is used only for the "hard" sciences, such as physics. C. requires systematic testing hypotheses. D. always involves conducting experiments. |
a. is not generally used in psychology, as it is quite susceptible to researcher bias
|
|
Which of the following math skills would be expected of a child in fifth grade?
A. measuring the length of an object twice B. multiplying a fraction by a whole number C. graphing points on the coordinate plane to solve problems D. knowing number names |
c. graphing points on the coordinate plane to solve problems
|
|
The fetus begins to develop male sex organs if:
A. no biochemical signal is received. B. the master signal from the Y chromosome overrides the X signal. C. the Y chromosome sends a biochemical signal. D. the X chromosome sends a biochemical signal. |
c. the Y chromosome sends a biochemical signal
|
|
A friend's child has just been diagnosed with ADHD. Based on what you have learned from the text, you might emphasize to your friend the importance of:
A. accepting that the child will always be a slow learner. B. keeping sugar and caffeine out of the child's diet. C. avoiding prescription drugs. D. finding the proper classroom environment. |
d. finding the proper classroom environment
|
|
In Erikson's psychosocial theory, resolutions to developmental crises depend on the interaction between the individual and:
A. her ability to learn from experience. B. the social environment. C. her genetic predisposition. D. the area of the body where sexual urges are centered. |
b. social environment
|
|
A fetus whose mother contracts ______ may be born blind, deaf, and brain-damaged.
A. rubella B. mumps C. measles D. chicken pox |
a. rubella
|
|
The problem with smaller school classes is that:
A. the research supporting their advantages is mixed. B. politicians won't support them. C. they are too costly. D. evidence supporting their benefit is correlational. |
a. the research supporting their advantages is mixed
|
|
The theory that provides a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development is:
A. psychoanalytic. B. cognitive. C. developmental. D. epigenetic. |
c. developmental
|
|
According to the New York Longitudinal Study, infants' temperaments can be classified by what age?
A. 3 months B. 1 year C. 6 months D. 1 month |
a. 3months
|
|
In the industry vs. inferiority stage, children try to:
A. become toilet trained. B. figure out who they are. C. become accepted by important others. D. master new skills. |
d. master new skills
|
|
Identify a major characteristic of human development emphasized in the life-span approach:
A. plasticity B. reciprocity C. discontinuity D. continuity |
a. plasticity
|
|
The mental processing of sensory information as it comes into the brain is:
A. input. B. cognition. C. sensation. D. perception. |
d. perception
|
|
The Apgar is used one minute and five minutes after birth to:
A. determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care. B. measure the health of the new mother. C. help the mother recover from childbirth. D. measure sensory abilities. |
a. determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care
|
|
What did Harlow's research demonstrate about infants' attachments to their mothers?
A. They rarely occur naturally. B. They are based on food supply. C. They are genetically programmed. D. They are based on comfort and touch. |
d. they are based on comfort and touch
|
|
Erikson believed that the main crisis during adolescence involved:
A. establishing a sense of self- control. B. trying to find an intimate relationship. C. learning to trust others in the world. D. trying to determine who one is. |
d. trying to determine who one is
|
|
A five-year-old might stop herself rom hitting another child, because she has developed:
A. emotional regulation. B. social referencing. C. self-esteem. D. identification. |
a. emotional regulation
|
|
Choose the accurate statement.
A. Acquaintances and close friends are equally predictive of emotional health in later life. B. Being accepted by the entire group is more important than having a close friend. C. Older children tend to choose friends who are of the same sex, race, and economic background as themselves. D. Girls wan to have a best friend; boys prefer a group of acquaintances. |
c. other children tend to choose friends who are of the same sex, race, and economic background as themselves
|
|
"I catched two mices in a trap" is an example of:
A. egocentric speech. B. the past imperfect. C. overregularization. D. literal translation. |
c. overregularization
|
|
Down syndrome, Asperger syndrome, and depression all begin with:
A. attention-deficit. B. a broken chromosome. C. a biological anomaly. D. slowed reaction time in answering questions. |
c. biological anomaly
|
|
Children learn best if teaching reflects their:
A. motivation. B. culture. C. personal experiences. D. language. |
b. culture
|
|
According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child:
A. is allowed to discover the solution to a task on her own. B. be assisted by an adult until the child can perform the task well done. C. is told instructions for a task only once. D. interact with an adult to accomplish the task. |
d. interact with an adult to accomplish the task
|
|
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Preoperational thought?
A. Irreversibility B. Static reasoning C. Gender inferiority D. Egocentrism |
c. gender inferiority
|
|
The hippocampus is a structure in the brain that processes:
A. memory. B. body temperature. C. the execution of small motor skills. D. language. |
a. memory
|
|
Fast mapping explains how children are able to:
A. learn to pronounce new words. B. follow simple instructions. C. add words into their vocabulary. D. understand new words. |
d. understand new words
|
|
According to Freud's theory, development in the first six years occurs in three:
A. unconscious progressions. B. two- year stages. C. psychosocial stages. D. psychosexual stages. |
d. psychosexual stages
|
|
When we adjust our old ways of thinking in order to include new information, Piaget calls this process:
A. accommodation. B. equilibration. C. assimilation. D. synchrony. |
a. accommodation
|
|
If Gillian is a typical 7-year-old, she learns as many as ______ new words per day.
A. 15 B. 20 C. 10 D. 5 |
b.20
|
|
To find a good preschool, a parent should look for:
A. a desk and a chair for each child; a curriculum geared toward cognitive development. B. experienced teachers; curriculum that teaches children as a whole group. C. teachers responsive to children's needs; low teacher-child ratios. D. a curriculum geared toward behavioral control; experienced teachers. |
c. teacher responsive to children's needs; low teacher-child ratios
|
|
Emma's speech at age 3 was difficult to understand, and she did not demonstrate the typical language explosion. Now at age 8, she is experiencing difficulty in school. Her early speech history may have been an early indication for:
A. pervasive developmental disorder. B. dyslexia. C. Asperger syndrome. D. ADHD. |
b. dyslexia
|
|
A cleft palate is most likely to develop during which period of gestation?
A. 1–4 weeks B. 32–36 weeks C. 7–10 weeks D. 6–9 weeks |
d. 6- 9 weeks
|
|
Children usually prefer to play with:
A. children who are older than they are. B. their parents. C. their peers. D. their older siblings. |
c. their peers
|
|
Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting the _______ pattern of parenting.
A. authoritative B. autocratic C. authoritarian D. democratic |
a. authoritative
|
|
To teach a child a second language, the most effective approach is to start during:
A. early adolescence, about age 12 B. middle childhood, about age 7 C. infancy D. adolescence, about age 15 |
b. middle childhood, about age 7
|
|
When playing with their children, fathers are more likely than mothers to:
A. help them play with their toys. B. give them food. C. read stories. D. engage in physical play. |
d. engage in physical play
|
|
If a scientist wanted to use scientific observation to see how frequently school children s hare food at lunch, she could:
A. bring a small group into her laboratory and observe them eating. B. watch the children from an unobtrusive spot in the school lunchroom. C. mingle with the children and ask them about sharing. D. give half of them candy and see how many would share. |
b. watch the children from an unobtrusive spot in the school lunchroom
|
|
Full-term pregnancies that are determined at the time of conception last:
A. 36 weeks B. 34 weeks C. 38 weeks D. 40 weeks |
c. 38 weeks
|
|
Kohlberg measured morality by:
A. watching how people behave in morally ambivalent situations. B. analyzing the words people choose when explaining tier answers. C. determining what people felt was right or wrong. D. analyzing how people reason about that is right and wrong. |
d. analyzing how people reason about what is right and wrong
|
|
The amygdala is a brain structure that registers:
A. emotions. B. speech perception. C. handedness. D. body temperature. |
a. emotions
|
|
The ways in which parents can best help their obese child is by:
A. exercising with them. B. not keeping microwavable food in the pantry. C. not rewarding their victories with foods. D. purchasing healthier foods to bring home. |
a. exercising with them
|
|
Using kangaroo care in developing nations could reduce infant deaths by up to ______ percent.
A. 30 B. 40 C. 10 D. 20 |
B. 40
|
|
The problem with smaller school classes is that:
A. evidence supporting their benefit is correlational. B. they are too costly. C. the research supporting their advantages is mixed. D. politicians won't support them. |
C. the research supporting their advantages is mixed
|
|
Piaget believed that between the ages of two and six, it is difficult for children to think:
A. egocentrically. B. pre-operationally. C. subjectively. D. abstractly. |
B. preoperationally
|
|
The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is:
A. learning when and how to make moral decisions. B. learning when and how to make friends. C. learning when and how to express emotions. D. learning when and how to make decisions. |
C. learning when and how to express emotions
|
|
The sense that is least developed at birth is:
A. smell B. hearing C. vision D. taste |
C. vision
|
|
The recessive gene for a certain learning disability is X-linked. This means that:
A. males will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents. B. females are twice as likely as males to have this disability. C. females will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents. D. males can carry for the gene but will not have the disability. |
C. females will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents
|
|
If we place a dot of rouge on an 18-month-old's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. this shows that the child has some:
A. perceptual constancy. B. dynamic perception. C. self- awareness. D. social referencing. |
C. self-awareness
|
|
According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like a:
A. mime who imitates behavior of all kinds. B. scientist who experiments to see. C. child in the “terrible twos.” D. neurotic who cannot take no for an answer. |
B. scientist who experiments to see
|