Family Therapy

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General Systems Theory -

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first decribed by biologist ludwig. Defines a system as an entity that is maintained by the mutual interactions of its components and proposes that the actions of interacting components are best understood by studing them in their context.

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Open System

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view of family - continuously receives input from and discharges output to the environment and is more adaptable to change.

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Homeostasis

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tendency for a family to act in ways that maintain the familys equilibrium. if someone gets better...another gets worse

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Cybernetics

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mathmatician and was subsequently applied to family commuication processes. Its cocpet of teh feedback loop through which a system receives information.

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Negative feedback loop

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reduces deviation and helps a systme maintain its status quo

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Positive Feedback Loop

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amplifies deveiation r change and thereby disrupts the system.

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Communication/Interaction Family Therapy

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recognition of the impat of communication on family and individual dysfunction.

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Double blind-communication - communicaiton/interaction family therapy

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involves conflicting netative injuctions "do that and you'll be punished" "don't and yo will be punished" with on injuction often being expressed verbally and the other nonverbally.

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Communication/Interaction Assumptions

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1 - always communicating even when not talking
2- call communicaiotn has a "report" function and a "command" function. report is content the command is conveyed nonverbally and makes statement about the relationshiop between communicators.

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Symmetrical communications - Communication/Interaction

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reflect equality between communicaotrs but may escalet into a competitive "one-upsmanship" game.

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Complementary communications - Communication/Interaction

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refelct inequality and maximize difference between communicators
One assumes submissive while other dominant

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View of Maladaptive Behavior - Communication/Interaction

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accept circular model of causality that regarsds to symptom as both a cause and an effect of dysfuncitonal communication patterns. Includes blaming, criticizing, mindreading, and overgeneralizing.

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Therapy Goals and Tech. - Communication/Interaction

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to alter the interactional patens that maintain the presenting symptoms. Use of both direct tech. (pointing out patterns) and paradoxical stratagies such as prescribing the symptoms and reframing.

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Extended Family Systems Therapy - Bowenian

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extends general systems theory behond the neculear family.

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Differentiation of Self: Extended Famil Systems Therapy bowenian

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refers to a person's ability to separate his or her intellectual and emotional funcioning. Lower Differention more at mercy of emotions - will become fused with family emotions.

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Undifferentiated Family Ego Mass - Extended family systems theory bowenian

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faily whose members are highly emotionally fused

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Emotional Triangle - Extended Famioy Systems Theory bowenian

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When two person system has problems a third person is recruted to help. Lower differential more likely emotinal triagle with exist.

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View of Maladaptive Behavior - Multigenerational transmission process - Extended family system

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lower levels of differentiation is transmitted from one generation to the next.

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Therapy Goals - Extended Family therapy

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increase the differentiation of all family members.

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Therapy TEch. - extended family therapy

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Bowenien therpay typicaly includeds only two family members (usually sposes) so therapist is third member of triagle. ONly work with family members - maturity high.

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Genogram - extended famil therapy

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assessment to identify the history of family issues. dipicts the relatioshp between family embers, the dates of significant life events, and other important informaiton.

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Structural Family therapy

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developed by minuchin largely as a result of work with diorganized lower socioeconomic status familys - here and now, directive, concete approach.

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Boundaries - Structural Famly Therapy

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FAmily structure - "barriers" or rules that determine the amount of contacgt that is allowed between family members. rigid = isolated
diffuse=overly dependent

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Rigid triads - Structural family therapy

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Three Chronic Boundary Problems

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Detouring - STructural family therapy

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parents focus on the child either by overprotecting or bblaming the child.

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Stable Coalition - Structural family therapy

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parent and child form a cross-enerational coalition and consistently "gang up" against the other parent

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Triangulation - structural family therapy -

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each parent demands tht the child side with himagainst the other parent. child being pulled back and forth

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Veiw of Maladaptive Behavior - STructural family therapy

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infleiable family structure.

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Therapy Goals - Structural family therapy

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REstructuring the family long term goal. short term goals to help symptom relief

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Therapy Tech. - Structural family therapy

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Actin proecededs understanding.

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Three overlapping steps in therapy- Structural family therapy

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Joining
Evaluation the family structure
REstructuring the family

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Enactment and reframing - Structural family therapy

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techniques used in family strucure therapy to restrucure family.II. REFRAMING

The technique of reframing is a process in which a perception is changed by explaining a situation in terms of a different context.
IV. ENACTMENT

The process of enactment consists of families bringing problematic behavioral sequences into treatment by showing them to the therapist a demonstrative transaction. For example, the therapist was showed a heat argument between husband and wife. It is ready to fight but a fight never happens. This method is to help family members to gain control over behaviors they insist are beyond their control.

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Strategic Family Therapy

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combination of communication/interaction and structural schools, also miltons unconventional hypnotic thecniques

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View of maladaptive behavior - Strategic Family Therapy

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commication is important and how it is used to control relationships. Symptoms are attempts to control relationships when all other attempts have failed.

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Therapy Goals - Strategic Family Therapy

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altering a family's transactins and organization. Acieving insight is counterproductive becaue it incrases resistance.

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Therapy Tech - Four Stages Strategic Family Therapy

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1 social stage - observe family interactions
2 problem stage - therapist gathers information about why family came in.
3 interaction stage - family members discuss the identfied problems
4 the session ends with goals-setting in which the therapist and family members agree

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Paradoxical Intevention - Strategic Family THerapy

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uses the client's resistance in a consructive way.

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Ordeals - Paradoxical intervention - strategic family therapy

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unpleasent tasks that the client must perform whenever a symptom occurs . ex. man who dislikes his mother in law might be instructed to give her an expensive givft each time he argues with her.

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Milan Systemic FAmily Therapy - Strategic FAmily Therapy

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Circular pattenrs of action and reaction.

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View maladaptive behavior - MIlan Strategic Family Therapy

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Maladaptive behavior results when a family pattenrs become so fixed tha family members are no longer able to act creativley or to tmake new choices about their lives.

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Therapy Goals - Strategic Milan Family Therapy

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Help family members see their choices ansd to assist them in exercising their prerogative of choosing. Therapists emphasis understanding

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Therapy Tech -Milan Strategic Family Therapy

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Therapeutic team. One or two meet with family and other behind one way mirror.

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Hypothesizing - Milan Systemic Family therapy

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intial contact with get info and then team drive tentive hypothesis, then test hypotheses.

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Neutrality - Milan Systemic Fanily Therapy

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ally of the entir family not joining coalitions or alliances

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Paradox - Milan Systemic Family Therapy

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use paradoxical straegies to provide family members with info that will help them derive solutions

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Circular Questions - Milan Systemic Family Therapy

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questions which are asked of each family member to see their differnt perceptions

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Behavioral Family Therapy

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Operant conditin, social learning and social exchange therapy. Behavioral marital therapy and behavioral parent training, and conjoint sex therapy

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View Maladapttive Behavior - Behavioral Family Therapy -

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Maldapitve behaviors are learned.

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Therapy Goals and Tech. - Goals of Behavioral Family Therapy

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As appliaed to marital therapy
1 increase couples recognition and initiatio of pleasurealb interactions
2 decreasing the couples aersive interactions
3 teaching the couple effective problem-solving communication skills
4 teaching the cuopleto use a contingency conract to resolve persisting problems.

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Object Relations FAmily Therapy - Maladapitive Behavior

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result of both intrapsychic and interpersonal factors.

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Projection Identification - Maladaptive behavior

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occurs when a family member projects old introjects onto another family member and then reacts to that person as though he actually has the projected characteristics or provokes the person to act i ways consistent with the prjected characteristics

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Therapy Goals and tech - Object relations family

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resolve each family member attachment to family introjects. through interpreting, tranferences, resistances, and other factors in otrder to foster insight.

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Multiple Transferences in therapy -Object relations family

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transferences of one family member to another