Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter?
|
sawtooth p waves
|
|
what is the definition of unstable angina?
|
angina that is new, worsening, or occurs at rest
|
|
What would you give a diabetic patient with proteinuria who is hypertensive?
|
ACEi
|
|
What is Beck's triad?
|
tells about cardiac tamponade
1. hypotension 2. distant heart sounds 3. JVD |
|
What drugs slow the heart rate?
|
CCB
Beta blockers digoxin amiodarone |
|
What hypercholesterol medicine leads to flushing and pruritis?
|
Niacin
|
|
What does a hypertrophic obstrustive cardiomyopathy sound like?
|
systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with decreased preload aka valsalva maneuver
|
|
What does a aortic insufficieny murmur sound like?
|
Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard standing up
|
|
What does a aortic stenosis murmur sound like?
|
systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to into the neck and increases with increased preload (squatting)
|
|
What does squatting increase?
|
increases preload
|
|
What does valsalva increase?
|
increases with increased afterload
|
|
What does a mitral regurgitation murmur sound like?
|
holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla
increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver) |
|
What does a mitral stenosis murmur sound like?
|
diastolic murmur
mid-to-late low pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap |
|
What is the treatment for atrial flutter and atrial fib?
|
If unstable cardiovert
If stable or chronic rate control with CCBs or Beta Blockers |
|
What is the Tx for V.fib?
|
Immediate cardioversion
|
|
What is Dressler's syndrome?
|
an autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR occuring 2-4wks post-MI
|
|
You are examining a pt and find that he has been abusing IV drugs. He has JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. What is the tx?
|
Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve
|
|
What is the diagnostic test you should perform if you suspect someone has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
|
echocardiogram***
shows a thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction |
|
What is pulsus paradoxus?
|
a decrease in systolic BP of >10mmHg with inspiration
seen with cardiac tamponade |
|
What is the classic ECG finding for pericarditis?
|
low-voltage diffuse ST segment elevation
|
|
What is the definition of hypertension?
|
BP>140/90 on 3 seperate occasions 2 wks apart
|
|
What are 8 surgical correctable causes of hypertension?
|
renal a stenosis
coarctation of the aorta pheochromocytoma conn's syndrome cushing's syndrome unilateral renal parenchymal disease hyperthyroidism hyperparathyroidism |
|
what test should you order if you suspect a person has a pusatile abdominal mass and bruit?
|
abdominal ultrasound and CT
|
|
You have a person who you just found has an abdominal aneurym. What size must it be for surgical repair?
|
>5.5cm
rapidly enlarging symptomatic ruptured |
|
WHat is the tx for acute coronary syndrome?
|
ASA
heparin clopidogrel morphine oxygen sublingual nitro IV beta blockers |
|
What is metabolic syndrome?
|
abdominal obesity
high triglycerides low HDL hypertension insulin resistance prothrombic or proinflammatory states |
|
What is the target level LDL for a pt with diabetes?
|
<70 mg/dL
|
|
What are the signs of active ischemia during stress test?
|
angina
ST-segment changes on EKG decreased BP |
|
What ECG findings are suggestive of MI?
|
ST-segment elevation
ST segment depression means ischemia flattened T-waves Q-waves |
|
What coronary arteries are effected with:
1. anterior wall 2. inferior wall 3. posterior 4. septum |
1. anterior (LAD or diagonal)
2. inferior (PDA) 3. posterior (left circumflex, oblique, RCA, marginal) 4. septum (LAD/diagonal) |
|
A young pt with angina at rest and ST segment elevation with nl cardiac enzymes is what?
|
prinzmetal angina
|
|
What is the Dx test for a PE?
|
spiral CT with contrast
|
|
What reverses the effects of heparin?
|
protamine
|