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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social loafing |
the phenomenon of people working less hard in groups |
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diffusion of responsibility |
a reason for social loafing: the responsibility of work diffuses out to others |
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Skepticism |
the philosophical belief that all knowledge is questionable |
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method of tenacity |
fixation on a belief even when evidence to the contrary is presented |
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a priori method |
refers to something that is believed without prior study or examination |
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the method of authority |
Having faith in beliefs passed down from an authoritative source (ex: religion) |
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scientific method |
belief on the basis of experience |
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determinism |
the belief that observable causes determine events |
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empirical |
experience, rather than faith, is the source of knowledge |
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self correcting |
science is self-correcting because incorrect ideas are weeded out through evidence |
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theory |
the organization of concepts that permits prediction of data |
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data |
empirical observations |
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induction |
reasoning from data to a general theory |
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deduction |
reasoning from a theory to particular data |
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observation |
type of data |
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falsifiability view |
the temporary nature of induction makes negative evidence more important than positive support |
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hypothesis |
very specific testable statement that can be evaluated from observable data |
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generalization |
broader statement that cannot be tested directly |
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parsimony |
the fewer the statements in a theory, the better the theory |
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precision |
theories that involve mathematical equations or computer problems are generally more precise |
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intervening variables |
abstract concepts that link independent variables to dependent variables |
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applied research |
research aimed at solving a specific problem |
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basic research |
research with no immediate practical goal |
