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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Families
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Categories of instruments
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Male Voice types
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Tenor (high)
Baritone (middle) Bass (low) |
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Female Voice types
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Soprano (high)
Mezzo Soprano (middle) Alto (low) |
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Chamber Music
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- SMALL group of instruments
- EACH musician has their own solo part - Heard up-close, usually in a small room |
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Orchestra
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- ALL families of instruments (INCLUDING STRINGS)
- Large ensemble - Heard in a large room, usually a concert hall |
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List the families of instruments in an Orchestra.
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- String
- Woodwind - Brass - Percussion |
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Wind Ensemble / Concert Band / Symphonic Band
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- ALL families of instruments (EXCEPT STRINGS)
- Large ensemble - Heard in a large room, usually a concert hall |
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Conductor
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Leader for large ensembles; responsible for all aspects of performance
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What does the conductor's right hand do?
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- Gives tempo
- Shows meter of music |
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What does the conductor's left hand do?
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- Cues entrances
- Gives dynamics & other directions |
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List all the instrument families.
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- Woodwind
- Percussion - Keyboard - Brass - Strings - Electronic |
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What are woodwinds made of?
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Originally made of wood or used reeds
Now also made of plastic / metal |
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How do woodwinds work?
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Require air & all fingers
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Give examples of woodwind instruments.
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Piccolo, flute
Single reed: Clarinet, bass clarinet, sax Double reed: Oboe, bassoon, contrabassoon |
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What are percussion instruments made of?
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Wood, metal, & synthetic materials.
Drumheads are usually made w/ animal skin or plastic. |
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How do percussion instruments work?
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Struck, shaken, or scraped
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Definite Pitch
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Producing sounds providing specific pitches
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Give examples of definite pitch percussion instruments.
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Timpani (only drum w/ definite pitch)
Xylophone Chimes |
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Indefinite Pitch
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Producing sounds providing rhythms
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Give examples of indefinite pitch percussion instruments.
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Bass drum
Snare drum Tambourine Triangle Cymbals Bongos |
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What are keyboards made of?
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Wood, strings, metal, hard plastic
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How do keyboards work?
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Played w/ hands
Producing many notes simultaneously |
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Give examples of keyboard instruments.
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Piano
Organ Harpsichord |
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How does a piano work?
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Hammers strike strings
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How does an organ work?
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Electronically pushes air thru metal pipes
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How does a harpsichord work?
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Plucks strings (same volume no matter what force used)
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What are brass instruments made of?
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Originally made of wood covered in leather
Now made of metal |
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How do brass instruments work?
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Require air & 4 fingers max
Players buzz lips against mouthpiece |
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Give examples of brass instruments.
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Trumpet
French horn Trombone Tuba |
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What are string instruments made of?
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Body: Wood
Strings: Gut, metal, silk, nylon, plastic Bow strings: Horsehair |
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How do string instruments work?
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1. Horsehair bow strings create friction against other strings OR player plucks strings (pizzicato).
2. Sound resonates within hollow body. |
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Give examples of string instruments.
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Violin
Viola Cello Double Bass Harp Guitar |
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What are electronic instruments made of?
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Hard plastic, metal, electronic materials
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How do electronic instruments work?
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Modify acoustic sounds or produce sounds electronically
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Give examples of electronic instruments.
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Electric guitars
Keyboards Synthesizers |
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Synthesizers
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Imitate natural acoustic sounds or create new sounds; played with hands like a piano
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