Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Basic characteristics of birds
|
-feathers (light, insulation)
-flight (swimming in penguins, flightless rattites) -high metabolic demands -eggs -vocal ability -bills (adapted for environment and eating) -parental behavior |
|
Bird phylogeny
-class -# orders -# families |
-Aves
-29 orders -187 families |
|
Why birds are popular in captivity?
|
-beauty
-vocalization -mimicry -social behavior |
|
Largest group of birds
|
Order
-psittsciformes (psittacines*, parrots, hookbills) |
|
Why parrots aren't suitable pets
|
-loud
-messy -long lifespan |
|
Budgerigar
-aka |
-parakeet
|
|
Budgerigar
-characteristics |
-inexpensive
-hardy -color mutaions (sexual dimorphism ---> blue cere on males) |
|
Budgerigar
-from |
-Australia
|
|
Cockatiel
-from |
-australia
|
|
Cockatiel
-chcaracteristics |
-quiet
-non-destructive -entertaining -sexual dimorphism |
|
Lovebird
-from |
-africa
|
|
Lovebird
-characteristics |
-small
-color mutations -bitey |
|
African Grey
-characteristics |
-very intelligent
-good mimickers |
|
Cockatoo
-from |
-australia
-indonesia |
|
Cockatoo
-characteristics |
-erectile crest
-heavy bill -highly intelligent *high maintenance |
|
Macaws
-characteristics |
-social
-long-lived |
|
Macaws
-colorings |
-Blue and gold*
-greenwing -scarlet -hyacinth *mini-macaw |
|
Conures
-characteristics |
-long tails
-broad, heavy bills -gregarious -animated -loud |
|
Amazon parrot
-characteristics |
-green, short tailed
-extroverted -entertaining -good mimickery |
|
Canaries
-type of bird |
-passerine/songbird
|
|
Canaries
-sex you want to own |
-male ---> sing
|
|
Finch
-bird type |
-passerine/songbird
|
|
Pet bird trade & disease
|
-1929 = psittacosis pandemic (infected parrots) ---> treatment centers in 1968
-importation banned in 1942 -1926-1942: psittacines considered responsible for Viscerotropic Newcastle disease (to Europe and South Africa) -1972: VNCD introduced to US via parrot transport --controled by eradication --USDA quarantine system |
|
What must occur for all birds entering the US?
|
-30 day quarantine
|
|
What occurs during 30-day US quarantine?
|
-test for lethal poultry disease
-fed mediated rations containing chlortetracycline -representative sample swabbed for VVND |
|
Birds
-conservation issues |
Loss of avian species
-habitat destruction -hunting -trade |
|
CITES
-define |
-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
|
|
CITES
-appendices |
Appendix I: endangered
-no commercial trade approved for 45 spp Appendix II: threatened -need an export permit from country of origin Appendix III: not at risk -budgies, cockatiel, ringneck |
|
CITES
-importance |
-decrease in commercial import of birds
-encourages captive breeding in countries of bird origin |
|
Endangered Species Act
-define |
-Endangered species (CITES appendix I) cannot be imported into the US or sold in interstate commerce unless specific permits are issued by US Fish and Wildlife
|
|
Wild Bird Conservation Act of 1992
-Goal -function |
-Goal: promote conservation of exotic birds by encouraging conservation and management programs in country of origin
-limits importation of exotic birds unless they come from countries with approved species management and conservation programs or approved captive-breeding facilities, or belong to certain captive bred species -1 yr phase out of imports of all CITES listed avian species -aviculture |
|
Animal Welfare Act
-define |
-governs the humane care, handling, treatment, and transportation of some animals in certain situations
-1992 coalition brought suit against USDA to include birds -appealed in 1994 due to fiscal limitations |
|
Physical diagnosis
-components |
-history
-environment -hands-off exam -restraint -physical exam |
|
History
-involves |
-chief complaint
-signalment -ownership |
|
Environment
-involves |
-diet
-cage (composition, location, etc.) -time outside of cage? |
|
Hands-Off exam
-involves |
-careful observation (will be reluctant to show signs)
-general appearance, attitude, activity -droppings -voice, oculonasal discharge, respiration, wing droop, conformation |
|
Non-specific signs of illness
|
-fluffed/ruffled appearance
-head tucked under wings -sitting on bottom of cage -partially closed eyes --frequent blinking -hunched stance |
|
Signs of dyspnes
|
-excessive sternal motion
-open mouth breathing -head bob -tail bob -neck and wings extended from body |
|
Biliverdinuria
-what is it -when is it typically seen |
-green/yellow-green tinge of urates
-hepatic disease |
|
If found to be dyspnic, what should be done?
|
Probably start giving supportive care immediately
-warm environment -oxygen |
|
Maldigestion
-represented how |
-seeds in droppings
|
|
What birds should not be restrained on physics exam?
|
-dyspnic
-extremely weak |
|
Birds to use minimal restraint on
|
-baby birds
-cockatoos |
|
Supplies for Physical Exam
|
-towel
-gram scale -mouth specula -light source -ear protection -magnifying loupe -grooming equipment |
|
First goal of catching a parrot
|
-head restrain
*3 finger technique or gently around neck |
|
Things to look out for while restraining a bird
|
-sternum must be unrestricted
-handler should monitor the bird's status -avoid laying the bird on it back |
|
Continuing Education Outlets
|
-Association of Avian Veterinarians
-ABVP-Avian |
|
Old World Psittacine Species
|
-Budgerigar
-Cockatiel -Lovebird -African Grey -cockatoo |
|
New World psittacine species
|
-Macaw
-Conures -Amazon Parrot |
|
Old world passeriformes
|
-canaries
-finches |
|
Look at bird species pictures
|
Look at bird species pics
|