Exam Study Earth Science

Front 1

How are minerals different from rocks?

Back 1

Rocks are aggregates of minerals, while minerals are very distinct formations that have exact chemical formulas and crystalline structures.

Front 2

_________________ are rocks that form from the crystallization of magma and lava.

Back 2

Igneous rocks

Front 3

_________________ are rocks that form from the alteration of other rocks.

Back 3

Metamorphic rocks

Front 4

Describe intrusive igneous rocks.

Back 4

They cool slowly inside the Earth's crust, giving them a coarse-grained texture.

Front 5

How are granite and basalt different?

Back 5

Granite is coarse-grained and has a felsic composition while basalt is fine-grained and has a mafic composition.

Front 6

Sedimentary rocks are rarely deposited in water bodies. True or False?

Back 6

False

Front 7

How would you explain the presence of metamorphic rocks in contact with an igneous intrusive rock, like granite? Note that both rocks are the same age.

Back 7

The metamorphic rock was created by the hot magma body that cooled to become the granite.

Front 8

Describe the oceanic lithosphere.

Back 8

Oceanic lithosphere is made of basalt and is more dense than continental lithosphere

Front 9

_______________ is the concept that explains how the low-density crust is floating on top of the denser mantle.

Back 9

Isostacy

Front 10

______________ refers to the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points of an area.

Back 10

Relief

Front 11

______________ is the doctrine that explains how the processes we see acting on the Earth today are the same processes that have shaped and formed the landscapes we see today over geologic time.

Back 11

Uniformitarianism

Front 12

_______________ refers to the immense period of time over which geologic processes operate.

Back 12

Geologic Time

Front 13

The ____________ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision.

Back 13

northward movement of India into Eurasia

Front 14

The _____________ is (are) a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now.

Back 14

Red Sea

Front 15

A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ___________.

Back 15

2 centimeters per year

Front 16

Cooler, older oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ____________.

Back 16

subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries

Front 17

The Aleutian Islands occur at a ______________.

Back 17

convergent boundary where the Pacific plate is subducting below the North American plate

Front 18

_____________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates

Back 18

Lines of earthquake epicenters