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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Consciousness |
Is the awareness of the sensation, thoughts, and feelings we experience at every given moment. |
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Brain activity during REM sleep. |
Sleep occupying20% of an adult’s sleeping time, characterizedby: Increased heart rate, blood pressure andbreathing rate ErectionsEye movementsExperience of dreaming |
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Seasonal affective disorder |
A mood disorder characterized by depression that occurs at the same time every year. |
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Effects of sleep deprivation. |
• Sleep is a requirement for normal humanfunctioning • Exact reason for sleep is unknown • Explanations• Evolutionary theory• Restoration and replenishment for brain and body• Physical growth and brain development |
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The classifications of different types of drugs. |
• Psychoactive drugs: Influence a person’semotions, perceptions, and behaviour • Addictive drugs: Produce a biological orpsychological dependence in the user • Withdrawal from them leads to a craving for thedrug that may be nearly irresistible |
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Psychological perspective on dreams. |
Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconsciousness wishes that dreamers desire to be fulfilled. |
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Watson & little Albert |
he conditioned that he can get a child to fear something they never feared before. |
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Learning |
A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. |
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memory |
The process by which we encode store and retrieve information. |
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recency affect Primary affect |
R) that when people are asked to recall in any order the items on a list, those that come at the end of the list are more likely to be recalled than the others. P) says that when given a list of information and later asked to recall that information, the items at the beginning (primacy) and the items at the end (recency) are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle. |
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Habituation |
The decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentation of the same stimulus. ` |
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extinction |
learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency eventually disappears. |
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reinforcers |
any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again. |
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Pavlov |
He used a dog with food he showed how if u use a certain sound with a dog it will know it will be time for food and it will salivate. |
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shcemas - functioning and memory |
sets of cognitions about people in experiences. |
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chuncking |
a group of information that can be stored in short term memory. |
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flashbulb memory |
a memory that can be recalled easily |
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the functions of rehearsal |
the repetition of information that has entered short term memory |
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working memory |
a memory system that holds information temporarily while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information. |
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spreading activation in memory |
Activating one memories in a process |
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central excutive processor functions |
amygdala and hippocampus |
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operant conditioning and classical conditioning |
Pavlov vs. Skinner Operant involves reinforcement and punishment Focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary behaviors classical Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors |
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fixed ratio vs. fixed interval schedules of reinforcement |
fixed ratio relies on the principles of operant conditioning as fixed interval his schedule causes high amounts of responding near the end of the interval, but much slower responding immediately after the delivery of the reinforcer. |
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continuous and intermittent reinforment |
con- when a target behavior is reinforced each and every time it is exhibited int - only part of the time. |
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unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response |
stimulas - food response- reaction. |
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generalization vs discrimination |
generalization - the transfer of a learned response from one stimulus to another similar stimulus. discrimination - learning to respond to one stimulus but not to another similar stimulus. |
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observational learning |
shaping and modeling a vicarious reinforcement. |
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the stages in the 3 stage model of memory |
sensory short and long term memory |
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the sequences in which memory process occur |
n |