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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Nature |
Genetic development |
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Nurture |
Influences, experience |
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Developmental psychology |
Nature and nurture Continuity and stages Stability and change |
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Embryo |
Human organism about 2 weeks |
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Fetus |
Humans organism from 9 weeks |
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Teratogens |
Chemical that can kill or cause harm in the embryo or fetus |
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Zygote |
Fertilized egg |
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Fatal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
Abnormalities in children caused by a woman's heavy drinking |
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Habituation |
Stimulation |
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Continuity |
Experience and learning, slow process |
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Stages |
Step by step in life , like walking before running |
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Stability |
Provides our Identity |
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Change |
Temperament. Change |
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Schemas |
Mental representation of the world |
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Assimilation |
process of incorporating new info to fit existing schemas |
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Accommodation |
Process of modifying existing schemas in response to new information |
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Permissive: |
Do whatever, no demands |
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Authoritarian: |
Restrict, punish, dont question, little verbal exchange |
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Neglectful-Uninvolved: |
Who cares?... "Matilda movie" |
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Authoritative: |
Encourage independence, verbal exchange as appropriate, warm, nurture |
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Parenting Style are... |
Authoritative Neglectful-Uninvolved Authoritarian Permissive |
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Maturation |
Change in behavior by experience, biological growth process. -the orderly sequence of biological growth |
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Critical period |
period early in life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli |
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Sensorimotor Stage |
Piaget's theory, the stage(from birth to about 2 years of age)experiencing the world with senses and actions. |
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Object permanence |
awareness that things continue to exist even when no perceived |
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Cognition |
All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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The biological growth process, called__________, explain why most children begin walking by about 12 to 15 months. |
Maturation |
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Conservation |
the principle that properties such as mass |
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egocentrism |
piaget theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view |
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theory of mind |
people's ideas |
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concrete operational stage |
Piaget theory, 7 to 11 yrs age, childrenthink logicallly about concrete events. -Math |
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Stranger anxiety |
newly emerging ability to evaluate people as unfamiliar |
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Imprinting |
Process of attachments in animals( in a critical period ) |
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Preoperational Stage |
2 to 7 yrs, Pretend to play, representing things with words and images |
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Concrete operational |
7 to 11 yrs, conservation, math, thinking logically about concrete events |
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Formal operational |
12 to up, abstract logic and reasoning |
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Adolescente |
transition period |
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Puberety |
Period of sexual maturation |
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Intimacy |
ability to form close, love, relationship |
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Emergin adult |
period from the late teens, to mid twenties, between adolesncets, responsability more |
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Temperament |
Emotional reactivity and intensity |
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Social identity |
self-concept |
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Identity |
our sense of self |
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Menopause |
natural cessation of menstruation |
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Cross-Sectional Study |
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. |
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Longitudinal study |
Same people are studied and retested over a long period |
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Social Clock |
timing of social events such as marriage |
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Love |
Intimacy, attachment.... |
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Conditioned |
Learned |
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Classical conditioning |
Associating events/ stimuli with each other |
Basic Idea |
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Operant conditioning |
Associating chosen behaviors with resulting events |
Basic idea |
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Response in Classical Conditioning |
Involuntary, automatic reactions such as salivatin |
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Response in Operant conditioning |
Voluntary actions in our environment |
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Ivan Pavlov |
Russia's 1 Nobel prize, 1904 for his work on the digestive system |
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Associative learning means... |
Learn that two stimuli occur together |
le...two...occ..ther... |
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S |
Stimulus |
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NS |
Neutral stimulus |
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US |
Unconditioned stimulus |
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UR |
Unconditioned Response |
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CS |
Conditioned Stimulus |
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CR |
Conditioned Response |
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Extinction |
Making the behavior go away |
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Generalization |
Respond to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimule |
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Discrimination |
-distinguish between different stimuli -respond to a particular tone or sounds |
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Acquisition |
Initial time of process of learning the behavior |
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Operant Conditioning |
Learning by reinforcement and/or punishment |
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Reinforcement means... |
increasing the probably of the response |
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Punishment means... |
decreasing the probably of the response |
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Shaping |
Rewarding successive approximations |
dog colors understand some organisms |
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Reinforcer→ |
Strenghens the(increase probability) behavior it follow |
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Primary Reinforcer |
Satisfies a biological need |
Food( water....) |
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Secundary Reinforcer |
(conditioned)→Learned |
Food( Licor, money, grades.... |
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Positive Reinforcer |
Adding to Increases probability of a response |
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Negative Reinforcer |
Taking away to increases the probability of behavior... |
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Punishment→ |
Weakens( decreases probability) the behavior it follows |
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Positive Punishment |
Adding to decreases the probability of a response |
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Negative Punishment |
Taking away to decrease the probability of a response |
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Side effects Punishment |
become abusive.... |
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Observational Learning |
Learn without direct experience by watching and imitating others |
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Mirror neurons |
-Frontal lobe -enable observation and imitation |
? |
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Prosocial |
Modeling of behavior can have prosocial effects |
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Antisocial Effects |
Abusive parents may have aggressive children -Bullying -...... |
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Learning is |
Information or behaviors |
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two form of associative learning are classical conditioning,in which the organism associates______. and operant conditioning, in which the organism associates. |
Two or more stimuli; a response and consequence |
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what stage give dream to real time? |
=Rem |
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If you are experiment strength, slowed down, what stage are you in? |
=N3 |
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If you are in the Stage who has Flaccid Peripheral Muscles? |
=Rem |
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Some physical things of Rem are? |
=Eyes movements |
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Someone who stop breathing in the sleep, so he have |
=Sleep apnea |
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Is relative to Sleep attack? |
=Nacolepsy |
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a child experience in ______ wake up with the eyes open, and stay body in _____ stage cycle |
sleep terror ; N3 |
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Marijuana is an example of ?? |
=hallucinogen |
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drugs depress natural activity and provide temporary...../???.?.?>896587 excited are? |
=opiates |
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alcohol or.. is example of? |
=Depressent |
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Caffeine and tea are example of ? |
=Stimulis |
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organisms usually have natural behavior, this is an example of? |
=biological predisposition |
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What are Issues in early adulthood? |
=children development |
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what are the two types of social development? |
=Traditional and puberty |
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According to Erikson what are some isssues of young adulthood? |
=Intimacy vs. Isolation |
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According to Erikson what are some isssues of Infancy? |
Trust vs. mistrust |
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Consciousness |
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
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those working in the fiel________ ____ study the brain sctivity with perception, thinking,memory, and language |
Cognitive neuroscience |
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Blindsight |
respond to a visual stimulus without conciously experiencing it |
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Change blindness |
failing to notice changes in the environment |
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Circadian(ser-KAY-dee-an) Rhythm |
Biological clock |
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REM Sleep |
rapid eye movement sleep also known as Paradoxical sleep |
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Delta waves |
The larges, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
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alpha waves |
slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
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Insomnia |
no sleep |
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Sleep attack |
Narcolepsy |
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Sleep apnea |
disorder or problems of breathing |
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latent content |
underlying meaning of a dream |
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manifest content |
freud. remembered story line of a dream |
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In interpreting dream, Freud was most interested in their..? |
=Latent conten, or hidden meaning |
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The dendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation is referrred to as ______________ |
REM rebound |
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Depressants |
alcohol barbituurates... are depressaants |
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Stimulants |
Caffeine,nicotine,cocaine... are Stimulants |
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Hallucinogens |
Marijuana, LSD.. are Hallucinogens |
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Opiates |
heroin, morphine, codeine.... are Opiates |
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Ketamine |
anesthetic |
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Rohypnol |
CNS depressant |
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Methamphetamine |
CNS stimulant,damage dopamine neural systems |
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PCP |
Developed as anesthetic for surgery |
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