Exam #2

Front 1

There are 280mill. Hb molecules in one RBC. A single Hb molecule carries______ molecules of O2, which means that a single RBC carries about_______ O2 molecules.

Back 1

4

1Billion

Front 2

All of the following except_______ leads to a decrease in HCT.

Back 2

Dehydration

Front 3

Why is it important that when iron binds to oxygen that this is a temporary and reversible interaction?

Back 3

Because the oxygen needs to disassociate into tissues.

Front 4

What accounts for males HCT (46) being higher than females HCT (42)?

Back 4

Androgens stimulate RBC production

Front 5

Under normal conditions, what is the fate of the globular proteins of a recycled hemoglobin molecules?

Back 5

They are disassembled into their component amino acids

Front 6

All of the following except _______ are characteristics of all types of WBCs.

Back 6

They are phagocytic

Front 7

What is the nature of and purpose of surface antigens on RBCs?

Back 7

-Integral membrane glycoprotein or glycolipids

-Substance your immune system recognizes as "normal"

Front 8

Which type of WBC is found in greatest numbers in an infected cut?

Back 8

Neutrophils

Front 9

Monocytes transform into_______ in tissues, where they _______.

Back 9

-Macrophages

-Are phagocytic and release chemicals that attract neutrophils

Front 10

Sam has an infestation of large parasitic worms. Which of the following will happen?

Back 10

Eosinophils will release cytotoxic enzymes from their granules

Front 11

If Derek has surface antigen B and D on his RBCs, what blood type does he have? What type of antibodies are in his plasma?

Back 11

-B+

-Anti-A antibodies

Front 12

Andrew has blood type O negative. What type of blood can he receive from a donor? Why

Back 12

-O negative

-He has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in his plasma

Front 13

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood?

Back 13

Type B blood would agglutinate in the recipients blood vessels and plug small vessels to vital organs

Front 14

Why is it unlikely that the antibodies in a type O donor plasma would cause a transfusion reaction in a type A recipient?

Back 14

The plasma portion of donated blood is tiny when compared to the volume of plasma in the recipients body

Front 15

Why is cross matching performed, though both donor and recipient are known to be the same blood type?

Back 15

It reveals the presence of potential cross reactions with surface antigens other than A,B,&Rh

Front 16

Which of the phases of homeostasis occurs first?

Back 16

Vascular

Front 17

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease where the tissue becomes fibrotic. How could this disease impact the blood?

Back 17

It can influence:

-cause a decrease in the ability for blood to clot due to decrease production of fibrinogen

-decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood

-decrease the production of immunoglobulins and decrease the ability to fight infection

-decrease the transport of hormone binding proteins and steroids binding proteins

Front 18

Which of the following is.not true about platelets?

Back 18

They are derived from lymphoids stem cells

Front 19

Following surgery for stomach cancer, joe has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which of the following is likely the cause of thus problem?

Back 19

He may not be absorbing vitamin B12 from his diet since tge operation because of less intrinsic factor

Front 20

Which condition below would stimulate the release of EOP?

Back 20

-Hypoxia produced high altitude

-kidney disease

-low.blood pressure due to internal bleeding

Front 21

In which organ are most plasma proteins synthesized?

Back 21

Liver

Front 22

All of the following except _______is a major function of blood

Back 22

Provides storage for calcium ions

Front 23

Why is venipunture a common technique for obtaining a blood sample?

Back 23

-blood pressure is relatively low in viens

-superficial veins are easy to locate

-venous walls are thinner that areterial walls

Front 24

What is the primary difference btwn plasma and interstitial fluid?

Back 24

Plasma contains significantly more protien

Front 25

What characteristics of blood contribute to its high viscosity?

Back 25

Interactions among protiens, formed elements, and water molecules in plasma

Front 26

What contributions from the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways help form the enzyme complex necessary to begin the Common Pathway?

Back 26

-Factor VII from the Extrinsic Pathway

-Factors VII and IX from the Intrisic

Front 27

The region btwn the two pleural cavities that contains the heart and great vessels is called the _______?

Back 27

Mediastinum

Front 28

Which layer of pericardium touches the heart?

Back 28

Visceral pericardium

Front 29

Which of the following is true of cardiac muscle tissue?

Back 29

Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated discs

Front 30

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?

Back 30

B/c it contracts with force sufficient to push blood through the systemic circuit

Front 31

Where is the ANS headquarters for cardiovascular control?

Back 31

Medulla oblongata

Front 32

What is the importance of the 100msec delay at the AV node?

Back 32

Atria must contract to fill the ventricles with blood

Front 33

Why is resting HR somewhat slower than the 80-100 bpm set by the SA node?

Back 33

- there are less sympathetic nerves that innervate cardiac muscle tissue

-parasympathetic innervation slows the HR down

Front 34

how is cardiac output (CO) calculated?

Back 34

- CO ml/min= (EDV-ESV)*HR

-CO ml/min= HR bpm * SV ml/ beat

Front 35

During ventricular systole of the cardiac cycle, all of the following would occur except _______.

Back 35

Pressure in ventricles would force the semilunar valves closed

Front 36

When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? What is this quantity called?

Back 36

- at the end of atrial systole/ EDV

-at the end of ventricular diastole/ EDV

Front 37

On an ECG reading,what does the P wave indicate?

Back 37

Atrial Depolarization

Front 38

What event is taking place during the Q-T interval

Back 38

A single cycle of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Front 39

What factor could cause an insecure in the size of the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram recording?

Back 39

Increase in heart size

Front 40

What condition contributes to a reduction in the size of a T wave?

Back 40

Coronary ischemia

Front 41

Why is there no wave corresponding to atrial repolarization on an ECG reading

Back 41

It is masked by the QRS complex

Front 42

Which of the following affects the rate of venous return?

Back 42

-Cardiac output

-stroke volume

-heart rate

Front 43

How is eversion of the AV valves and backflow of the blood into the atria prevented?

Back 43

Tightening of chordae tendinae abd contraction of papillary muscle

Front 44

Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary valve. How will that affect her circulation?

Back 44

Blood will flow back into her right ventricle

Front 45

Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in his chest upon taking leaves. which medication might be given to offer prompt relief?

Back 45

Nitroglycerin which is a vasodilator of coronary vessels

Front 46

How does damage to the cardioinhibitory center of the medulla affect heart rate? Why?

Back 46

Heart rate increases/ sympathetic dominance

Front 47

Which blood vessels being blood back into the right atrium?

Back 47

Superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus

Front 48

What is the effect of NE binding to adrenergic receptor?

Back 48

-Increases vasoconstriction

-increases heart rate

Front 49

Benjamin had an EDV of 120ml, ESV of 45ml, which gives him an SV of 75ml. What is his ejection fraction?

Back 49

60%

Front 50

Frank has just run a marathon and his heart is beating extremely rapidly. What happens to the length of diastolic and filling time?

Back 50

Both decrease

Front 51

Why is ESV lower when you are actively exercising?

Back 51

EDV increases and ventricular muscle produces more forceful contractions ejecting more blood

Front 52

What is the most important factor in considering cardiac function over time?

Back 52

Cardiac output

Front 53

Which of the following is an important characteristic of capillaries?

Back 53

Blood flows through them slowly and exchange occurs quickly

Front 54

Georgia stands all day at her job,from what condition may she begin to suffer?

Back 54

Varicose veins

Front 55

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

Back 55

-Heart rate increases

-vascular resistance increases

-stoke volume increases

Front 56

While standing in the hot sun,Sally begins to feel light headed and faints. Explain

Back 56

-Blood has pooled in her lower limbs

-cardiac output has decreased, sending less blood to the brain

-sweating has reduced blood volume

Front 57

Trace blood from the aortic arch to the right thumb.

Back 57

Brachiocephalic a. --> r. Subclavian a. --> r. Axillary a. --> r. Brachial a. --> r. Radial a. --> palmar arches

Front 58

Why is blood pressure higher in the aorta than in the inferior vena cava?

Back 58

The diameter of the aorta is smaller and velocity or blood flow is also greater

Front 59

Why does most filtration take place at the arterial end of a capillary?

Back 59

CHP is higher at the arterial end

Front 60

Hiw is mean arterial pressure (MAP) determined?

Back 60

It is diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/ 3)

Front 61

What event is happening if net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative?

Back 61

Reabsorbtion is occuring in a capillary

Front 62

Which statement below is.not true with regards to Atherosclerosis?

Back 62

The pressure of.foam cells on the blood vessel wall prevent the plaque from sticking

Front 63

Although it is true that veins ______, it.is not always true that they carry ______ blood.

Back 63

Carry blood away from the heart, O2 rich

Front 64

Why are valves located in veins, but not in arteries?

Back 64

-Venous blood pressur is lower

-Valves prevent backflow of blood

Front 65

The hepatic portal system delivers ________.

Back 65

Nutrients to the liver.

Front 66

In fetal circulation, what is the role of the ductus venous?

Back 66

Collects blood from the veins of the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava

Front 67

Where are fenestrated capillaries important? Why?

Back 67

-In filtration areas of the kidneys/ they allow rapid exchanges of water and solutes btwn plasma and interstitial fluid

-At the median eminence of the hypothalamus/ they allow diffusion of regulatory hormones

Front 68

A thrombus in the femoral vein prevents blood flow from the ______ and to the _______.

Back 68

External iliac vein/ popliteal vein

Front 69

Grace is in an automobile accident, and her celiac trunk is reuptured. Which organs are directly affected by this injury?

Back 69

Stomach, spleen, liver, pancrease

Front 70

Mr. Petit has been prescribed an ACE inhibitor. What effect will this have on his body?

Back 70

Will inhibit the conversion of angiostensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Front 71

A patient in the ER has lost 1.5 liters of blood. Which of the following help restore venous return and.improve cardiac output?

Back 71

-Secretion of E,NE, and constriction of arterioles

-secretion of ADH and aldoesterone

-mobilization of venous reserves and recall of interstitial fluid

Front 72

Gordon has suffered a stroke in his basilar artery. Which regions of his brain suffer damage?

Back 72

Medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Front 73

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of arteries, when compared to veins?

Back 73

Arteries contain an internal elastic membrane in their tunica interna

Front 74

The heart and arteries of te systemic and pulmonary circuits contain ____ % of blood volume and the venous system contains_____%. Why?

Back 74

35:65/ low capacitation of veins

Front 75

Blood in the left internal iliac artery could travel to all of the following destinations ,except_______.

Back 75

Quad. Muscles

Front 76

Which of the following is an example of a local vasoconstrictors?

Back 76

Prostaglandins

Front 77

If blood pressure rises above normalvand baroreceptors in the carotid sinus are unresponsive, which of the following conditions will occure?

Back 77

Vasomotor and cardioacceleratory centers remain stimulated/ decreased blood flow to the brain

Front 78

ADH, angiotensin 2, EPO, and ANP are all involved in long-term regulation of blood volume. Which two are also important in regulating blood pressure?

Back 78

ADH & angiotensin 2