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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Binary System
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uses a plus (+) and minus (-) system to signal the presence (+) or absence (-) of certain features
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Underlying Form
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a purely theoretical concept that is thought to represent a mental reality behind the way people use language
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Phonological Rules
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govern how this phonological representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation
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Coronal
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sounds produced with the apical/predorsal portion of the tongue [ t d s z n l]
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Anterior
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labial, dental, and alveolar consonants
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Distributed
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sounds with a relatively long oral-sagittal constriction [s z]
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Continuant
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“incessant” sounds produced without hindering the airstream by any blockages within the oral cavity (vowels, fricatives, glides, and liquids)
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Delayed release
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refers to sounds produced with a slow release of a total obstruction within the oral cavity (affricates)
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Tense
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consonants and vowels produces with a relatively greater articulatory effort (p t k i u)
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Naturalness
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designates two features: 1. The relative simplicity of a sound production and 2. Its high frequency of occurrence in languages
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Markedness
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refers to sounds that are relatively more difficult to produce and are found less frequently in languages
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Generative Phonology
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represents the applications of principles of generative grammar to phonology
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Natural Phonology
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incorporates features of naturalness theories and was specifically designed to explain the development of the child’s phonological system
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Phonological Processes
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are innate and universal; therefore, all children are born with the capacity to use the same system of processes
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Limitation
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occurs when differences between the child’s and the adult’s systems become limited to only specific sounds, sound classes, or sound sequences
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Ordering
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occurs when substitutions that appeared unordered and random become more organized
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Suppression
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refers to the abolishment of one or more phonological processes as children move from the innate speech patterns to the adult patterns
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Natural Processes
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those processes that are common in the speech development of children across languages
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Substitution processes
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describe those sound changes in which one sound class is replaced by another
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Assimilatory processes
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describe changes in which a sound becomes similar to, or is influenced by, a neighboring sound of an utterance
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Nonlinear (Mulitlinear) Phonology
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a group of phonological theories understanding segments as governed by more complex linguistic dimensions
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Distinctive Features
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phonetic constituents that distinguish between phonemes
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Syllable Structure Processes
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describe those sound changes that affect the structure of the syllable
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