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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biology includes the direct study of ________ |
Plants |
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Molecules are made up of _____________ |
subatomic particles and atoms |
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A hypothesis is _____________ |
A proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon
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Do atoms and molecules have kinetic energy all the time? |
Atoms and molecules have kinetic energy ALL THE TIME (unless they are at absolute zero!), even when they make up a solid material. |
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When two atoms form a chemical bond and share electrons equally between them, this is known as a ______________ |
Covalent Bond |
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Which atom in a water molecule has the highest electronegativity? |
Oxygen |
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Which statement is true regarding an atom found in the far left hand column of the periodic chart? |
This atom is most likely to become an ion with a +1 charge. |
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Which characteristic of water protects fish when a lake freezes? |
Solid water is less dense than liquid. |
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If a substance has a pH that is LESS THAN 7, it is considered _____________ |
Acidic |
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Do basic or acidic pH has more hydrogen ions? |
Acidic. |
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The weak chemical bonds that form between two water molecules are known as ____________ |
Hydrogen bonds. |
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Water is a ____________ molecule. |
Polar. |
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If a small amount of acid is added to a buffered solution, the pH of that solution will most likely __________ |
Stay the same. |
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If carbon dioxide (CO2) is bubbled through water (H2O), the pH of the solution will ___________ |
Decrease. |
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If a person hyperventilates, the pH of her blood will _____________ |
Increase because she will blow off more carbon dioxide |
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If a person holds her breath, the pH of her blood will _______________ |
Decrease because she will have too much carbon dioxide
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Solution A has a pH of 8. Solution B has a pH of 10. How much more acidic is solution A than B? |
Solution A is 100 times more acidic than solution B.
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You have a test tube that is half full of oil and half full of water. You drop an unknown purple substance into the test tube. The bottom half of the test tube turns PURPLE. What characteristic does the unknown substance have? |
It is hydrophillic |
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Proteins are made of repeating units of ________________ |
Amino acids. |
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Monosaccharides and polysaccharides are two classes of ____________ |
Carbohydrates |
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The four major groups of organic compounds are ________________ |
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Glucose, ribose, and fructose are __________ |
Monosaccharides |
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applied science |
a form of science that solves real-world problems |
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atom |
a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions
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basic science |
science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of |
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biology |
the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments
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biosphere |
a collection of all ecosystems on Earth |
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cell |
the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things |
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community |
a set of populations inhabiting a particular area |
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control |
a part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment |
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deductive reasoning |
a form of logical thinking that uses a general statement to forecast specific
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descriptive science |
a form of science that aims to observe, explore, and find things out |
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ecosystem |
all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that |
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eukaryote |
an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
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evolution |
the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising
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falsifiable |
able to be disproven by experimental results
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homeostasis |
the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions |
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hypothesis-based science |
a form of science that begins with a specific explanation that is then |
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hypothesis |
a suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested
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inductive reasoning |
a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general
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life science |
a field of science, such as biology, that studies living things |
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macromolecule
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a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules |
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molecule
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a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond |
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natural science |
a field of science that studies the physical world, its phenomena, and processes
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organ system |
the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs |
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organelle
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a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell
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organism
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an individual living entity |
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organ |
a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function |
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peer-reviewed article |
a scientific report that is reviewed by a scientist’s colleagues before |
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phylogenetic tree |
a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species
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physical science |
a field of science, such as astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies |
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population |
all individuals within a species living within a specific area |
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prokaryote |
a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle |
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science |
knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when
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scientific law |
a description, often in the form of a mathematical formula, for the behavior of some
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scientific method |
a method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful |
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scientific theory |
a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena
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tissue |
a group of similar cells carrying out the same function |
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variable |
a part of an experiment that can vary or change |
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Which of the following statements |
B. Communities exist within populations |
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The smallest unit of biological structure that |
Cell |
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Which of the following sequences represents d. biosphere, ecosystem, community,
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d. biosphere, ecosystem, community, |
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A suggested and testable explanation for an
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Hypothesis |
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The type of logical thinking that uses related |
Inductive reasoning |
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Describe the 9 basic characteristics that identify living systems. |
Order Composed of one or more cells Sensitivity/response to stimuli Reproduction Evolutionary adaptation Growth & Development Homeostasis Energy Processing Regulation |
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What is an emergent property? Why is life considered an emergent property? |
Life is more than the sum of its parts. All is one & one is all. |
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Describe all the levels of organization in living systems from smallest to largest. |
Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
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trans-fat |
a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across
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acid |
a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH |
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adhesion |
the attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance |
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amino acid
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a monomer of a protein |
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anion |
a negative ion formed by gaining electrons
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atomic number |
the number of protons in an atom |
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base |
a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH |
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buffer
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a solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
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carbohydrate |
a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is
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cation
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a positive ion formed by losing electrons |
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cellulose |
a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to
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chemical bond |
an interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in |
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chitin |
a type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and
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cohesion |
the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water;
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covalent bond |
a type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms
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denaturation |
the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the
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disaccharide |
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
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electron transfer |
the movement of electrons from one element to another |
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electron
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a negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks |
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element |
one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain
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enzyme |
a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein |
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evaporation
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the release of water molecules from liquid water to form water vapor
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fat |
a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists |
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glycogen |
a storage carbohydrate in animals
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hormone |
a chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland |
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hydrogen bond |
a weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially
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hydrophilic |
describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
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hydrophobic |
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
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ionic bond |
a chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges |
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ion
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an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and
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isotope |
one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
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lipids |
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water |
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litmus paper |
filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye so it can be used as a |
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macromolecule |
a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers
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mass number |
the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom |
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matter |
anything that has mass and occupies space |
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monosaccharide |
a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates |
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neutron
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a particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1
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nonpolar covalent bond |
a type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are
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nucleic acid |
a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries
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nucleotide |
a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a
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nucleus |
the dense center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
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octet rule |
states that the outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can hold eight
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oil
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an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature |
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pH scale |
a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions
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periodic table of elements |
an organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and |
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phospholipid |
a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a
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polar covalent bond
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a type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and
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polypeptide |
a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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polysaccharide |
a long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched |
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protein |
a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
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proton |
a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a |
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radioactive isotope |
an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable |
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ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein
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saturated fatty acid |
a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the |
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solvent |
a substance capable of dissolving another substance |
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starch |
a storage carbohydrate in plants |
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steroid
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a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings |
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surface tension |
the cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules |
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temperature |
a measure of molecular motion |
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triglyceride |
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule
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unsaturated fatty acid |
a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in
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van der Waals interaction |
a weak attraction or interaction between molecules caused by slightly |
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Which type of bond represents a weak chemical
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Hydrogen |
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An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number
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11 |
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Magnesium has an atomic number of 12.
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It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 |
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. An example of a monosaccharide is ________. |
fructose |
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Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.
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polysaccharides |
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Phospholipids are important components of
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the plasma membrane of cells |
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The monomers that make up proteins are
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amino acids |
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Standardized variables |
Remain the same |