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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a well supported, testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
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theory
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darwin's voyage on the H.M.S. ________________ led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about life.
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beagle
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darwin's hypothesis about how life changes over time is now called the theory of _________________
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evolution
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Of all the places he visited, the ___________________ Islands influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution the most.
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galapagos
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in addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called _____________
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fossils
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On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants _________
A. all looked alike B. varied from island to island C. were acquired through use |
varied from island to island
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Which of the following best describes how Lamarck would explain giraffes with long necks?
A. Long-necked giraffes eat more grass than short necked giraffes so their necks grow longer. B. Natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter-necked giraffes & longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily. C. Some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food & passed that trait on. D. Giraffes just started out with long necks & haven’t changed. |
C
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Which of the following ideas, proposed by Lamarck, was later found to be incorrect?
A. All species were descended from other species B. Acquired characteristics can be inherited. C. Living things change over time. D. Organisms are adapted to their environments. |
B
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proposed that Earth was shaped by geological forces that took place over millions of years
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CHARLES LYELL
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proposed that organisms acquired or lost traits during their lifetime by selective use or disuse of organs
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JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK
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predicted that the human population will grow faster than the space and food the space and food needed to sustain it
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THOMAS MALTHUS
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stressed that scientists can explain past events in terms of processes occurring they can observe happening now
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JAMES HUTTON
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proposed a hypothesis to explain how living things change over time
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CHARLES DARWIN
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Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic structure are called _______________ structures.
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Homologous
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Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the “survival of the fittest” as __________________________
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natural selection
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The idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called ________________.
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descent with modification
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The natural differences between individuals of a species are referred to as________________________
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natural variation
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When farmers select the largest hogs, the fastest horses, or the cows that produce the most milk for breeding it is called ________________.
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artificial selection
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An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n) __________________.
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adaptation
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A human appendix, whale hipbones, and a skink’s legs are examples of _________________
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vestigial organs
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Which of the following best describes how DARWIN would explain giraffes with long necks?
A. Long-necked giraffes eat more grass than short necked giraffes so their necks grow longer. B. Natural variation in the population produces some longer & some shorter-necked giraffes & longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily and survive to pass on their genes. C. Some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food & passed that trait on. D. Giraffes just started out with long necks & haven’t changed. |
Natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter-necked giraffes and longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily and survive to pass on their genes.
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Competition for food, space, and other resources among members of a species is called ____________
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struggle for existence
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The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called _______________
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Fitness
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All of the following play a role in Darwin’s Theory of Evolution EXCEPT __________________________
A. natural variation B. survival of the fittest C. struggle for existence D. inheritance of acquired traits |
inheritance of acquired traits
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Name 7 kinds of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of Evolution:
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geological, fossil evidence, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, embryological development studies, DNA comparison studies
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Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called __________
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Gradualism
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Which of the following must be TRUE for Hardy-Weinberg to apply to a population?
A. The population must be small. B. There must be NO movement in or out. C. Mutations can’t happen. D. Natural selection can occur. E. Mating must be random. |
B. There must be NO movement in or out.
C. Mutations can’t happen. E. Mating must be random. |
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A bell-shaped curve like the one at the left is always seen in when graphing ___________ traits
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Polygenic
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A situation in which the allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of individuals is know as the ___________________
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founder effect
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Any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population is called ________________.
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Evolution
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Which of the following is most likely to have caused the change in the population shown in the graphs at the left?
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a new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the most visible
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