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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
perception
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sensory info is used by the brain to produce a response
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transduction
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process by which the sense organs convert energy from environmental events into neural activity
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anatomical coding
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way of interpreting the location and type of sensory stimulus according to which incoming nerve fibers are active
ex: rubbing eyes, mechanically stimulate the light sensitive receptors they contain, this produces action potentials in the axons of the nerves that connect the eyes with the brain |
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temporal coding
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coding of sensory information in terms of time
the rate at which neurons fire, or the temporal code, tells how intense that touch is |
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psychophysics
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the study of the physical characteristics of stimuli and the psychological responses they produce
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just noticeable difference
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smallest change in the magnitude of a stimulus that a person can detect
JND is directly related to the magnitude of the existing stimulus also can be called difference threshold |
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threshold
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thin line between perceiving and not perceiving
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absolute threshold
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minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be detected
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signal detection theory
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every stimulus requires discrimination between a signal (stimulus) and a noise (combination of background stimuli and random activity of the nervous system
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ROC curve
receiver operating characteristic curve |
shows performance when the sound is difficult to detect
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cornea
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admits light
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sclera
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coats the eye
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iris
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two bands of muscles that contro lthe amount of light admitted into the eye
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accommodation
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the chane in the shape of the lens to adjust for distance
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retina
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in interior surface of the eye
the length from the eyeball from front to back matches th ebending of light rays produced by the cornea and the lens so that the image is sharply focused on retina...but if eyes are too long are said to be near sighted eyes that are too short are said to be farsighted |
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lens
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curvature of cornea, lies immediately behind the iris
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photoreceptors
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specialized neurons that transduce light into neural activity
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optic disk
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info photoreceptors transmit to neurons that send axons toward one point at the optic disk
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rods
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dim light, very sensitive to light but are insensitive to differences between colors
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cones
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function when the level of illumination is bright enough to see things clearly, responsible for color vision
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fovea
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small pit in the back of the retina , contains only cones
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dark adaption
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the time it takes for your eyes to adapt from light to dark light
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conjugate movements
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if you focus on your finger up close and then look away you will see two images of your finger
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saccadic movements
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moving your eyes abruptly from one point to the other
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pursuit movements
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tracking movements that follow object and project its image onto the fovea
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trichromatic thoery
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three types of color receptors , blue, green, red
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opponent process theory
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brain learns presence of red or green light by increased or decreased rate of firing of axons attached to red or green ganglion cells
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protanopia
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lack of the photopigment for red cones
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deuteranopia
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green cones are filled with red photopigment
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tritanopia
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yellow/blue system
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prosopagnosia
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when a person cannot recognize particular faces
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balint's syndrome
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can recognize individual objects when they look directly at them but are unable to see where they are located
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acromatopsia
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seeing without color
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law of proximity
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elements that are closest together will be perceived as belonging together
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law of similarity
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elements that have a similar appearance will be perceived as part of the same object
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law of good continuation
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predictability or simplicity;
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law of closure
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visual system often supplies missing information and closes the outline of an incomplete figure
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law of common fate
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elements move in the same direction will be perceived as belonging together and forming a figure
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top down processing
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using contextual information to process a scene
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bottom up processing
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perception is constructed out of the features of the stimulus
the information is processed hierarchically by successive levels of the visual system |