Ethics

Front 1

Exceptions to absolutes must meet what fundamental criteria?

Back 1

C on the test

Front 2

Be able to identify an example of a moral proposition

Back 2

It contains value judgments as to the morality of human actions or character

Front 3

Who was the great exponent of physical determinism?

Back 3

Sir Isaac Newton

Front 4

What does the theory of emotivism state?

Back 4

Moral propositions have no bases or fact

Front 5

What is the problem with “getting an ought from an is?”

Back 5

It turns an empirical proposition into a moral one

Front 6

Determinism means the same thing as

Back 6

universal causation

Front 7

Who was the great exponent of economic and social determinism?

Back 7

Karl Marx

Front 8

If you contend that all events are fixed and beyond human control you are a

Back 8

fatalist

Front 9

That similar moral principles exist in all societies is supported by which theoretical viewpoint?

Back 9

Cultural absolutism

Front 10

Relativists hold that morals are relative to what?

Back 10

Specific cultures, groups, or even individuals

Front 11

What is the greatest problem in the absolutism/relativism debate?

Back 11

is how to introduce stability

Front 12

Who argued that humans are physical beings conditioned by their social, cultural and natural environments?

Back 12

B.F. Skinner

Front 13

All events are caused, but some are caused by human beings is the doctrine of which theoretical viewpoint?

Back 13

Soft Determinism

Front 14

is the belief that there is freedom and chance in the world, especially when we look at human deliberation.

Back 14

Indeterminism

Front 15

The theory of deterrence is a

Back 15

utilitarian (result)

Front 16

What theoretical viewpoint argues that offenders should be punished only if they deserve it and not for any consequences that may come of it?

Back 16

Retributive (deserts) theory

Front 17

As an ___ you would allocate rewards and punishments based on results.

Back 17

utilitarian

Front 18

As an egalitarian, how would you distribute rewards?

Back 18

One would distributive rewards equally among people, regardless of their merits, abilities, needs, or what they produce

Front 19

Which theoretical viewpoint thinks of punishment in terms of use rather than justice?

Back 19

Utilitarian or results theory

Front 20

What is the term that means values are comparative to time, place, persons, situations, etc?

Back 20

Cultural Relativism

Front 21

What type of proposition that is true by evidence of the senses; a state of affairs that occurs in the external world?

Back 21

Empirical proposition

Front 22

What is the argument that presents difficulties for all the theories of punishment?

Back 22

hard to determine; hard to utilize

Front 23

According to Thiroux, the basic assumptions or premises of morality ought to include some reference to what?

Back 23

Emotion

Front 24

According to Thiroux, to be applicable morals should be capable of being what?

Back 24

Promulgated

Front 25

According to Thiroux, a moral system needs to deal consistently with what?

Back 25

Must have universality particularity (logically consistent)

Front 26

What type of proposition is true by definition of terms?

Back 26

Analytic Propositions

Front 27

What is the term that means variously perfect, complete, and certain?

Back 27

Absolute

Front 28

Who argued that species evolve through “selection” of the “fittest?”

Back 28

Charles Darwin

Front 29

Because everyone is different people must have some leeway to deal with these differences in a way that best suits them. This is Thiroux’s principle of

Back 29

Individual Freedom

Front 30

Restitution theories believe that when a crime is committed, the victim

Back 30

should be provided with restitution for the crimes committed against them

Front 31

What type of proposition asserts that something is true by experience; it is of our internal states?

Back 31

Internal sense propositions

Front 32

“An eye for an eye” fits with a _ theory of punishment?

Back 32

retributive or deserts

Front 33

In what ways can “rewards” be distributed?

Back 33

a. As equally among people as possible
b. According to people’s ability
c. According to what they deserve or merit
d. According to their needs

Front 34

Who argued that world history is a manifestation of an “absolute mind” realizing itself; that character and action are determined by culture?

Back 34

George W. F. Hegel

Front 35

Thiroux’s system of five principles allows for diversity and variety in the context of stability and rationality, and is known as

Back 35

Humanitarian Ethics