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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
low or high productivity in estuaries; low or high biodiversity in estauries?
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high productivity; low biodiversity
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amount of organic carbon produced by photosynthesis in a given time and area
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gross primary productivity
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gross primary productivity minus respiration done by producers
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net primary productivity
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fine cone-shaped mesh nets
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plankton nets
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green photosynthetic pigment
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chlorophyll
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ocean color instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite used to guage productivity
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SeaWiFS
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what is a limiting nutrient that could be used to fertilize polar waters to increase productivity
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iron
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depth at which photosynthesis is zero
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compensation depth
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from longest wavelength to shortest what are the common forms of electromagnetic radiation
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radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
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device used to measure water transparency (and thus turbidity and clarity)
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Secchi disc
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why are coastal regions typically yellow-green
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marine algae scatter yellow and green light
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waters with plenty of nutrients usually along the coast
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eutrophic waters
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waters without many nutrients
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oligotrophic waters
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what 2 colors penetrate deepest into the water column
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green and blue
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brown algae, which lives in temperate and cold-water areas
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phaeophyta
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pigment in phaeophytes
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fucoxanthin
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green algae, which live in shallow waters
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chlorophyta
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type of algae that can survive at depths below the euphotic zone
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red algae (rhodophyta)
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red algae
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rhodophyta
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golden algae
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chrysophyta
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orange-yellow pigment of chrysophytes
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carotin (type of carotene)
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accumulations of diatoms shells
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diatomaceous earth
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silica-based diatom shell
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frustule
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calcium carbonate plates covering coccolithophores
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coccoliths
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large abundance of dinoflagellates that secrete toxins
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red tide
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condition caused by eating too many shellfish with Gonyaulax toxin in them
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paralytic shellfish poisoning
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toxin secreted by a species of diatom responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning and abnormal bird behavior
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domoic acid
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phylum of dinoflagellates
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pyrrophyta
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what are dinoflagellate tests composed of
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cellulose
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seafood poisoning causing the most human illness caused by eating reef fish with dinoflagellate toxins
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ciguatera
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bacteria responsible for at least half of the ocean's biomass
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prochlorococcus
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what is the genus of algae responsible for massive fish kills on the NC coast due to nitrogen eutrophication
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pfiesteria
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the 2 most productive marine ecosystems per unit area
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coral reefs, algae beds
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process of moving carbon and nutrients from euphotic zone to sea floor; percent of biomass accumulates?
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biological pump; 1%
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algal bloom initiated by the availibility of nutrients and terminated by lack of light
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fall bloom
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algal bloom initiated by sunlight availibility and terminated by consumption of nutrients
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spring bloom
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where is equatorial upwelling best developed
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east Pacific Ocean
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why are tropical waters so low in productivity (which is why they're clear)
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low nutrient availibility
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which is larger: spring bloom or fall bloom?
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spring bloom
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all organisms that live in a particular area
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community
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biotic and abiotic components of an area (community and environment)
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ecosystem
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addition of artificial nutrients to the ocean which causes harmful algal blooms
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eutrophication
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areas near the mouths of rivers where decomposition of algal blooms results in hypoxic water
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dead zones
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where is the most prominent dead zone in the US that forms annually and grows bigger each year
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Mississippi River mouth
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of the following, which group has the greatest biomass: consumers, decomposers, producers
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producers
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feeding using special structures to take plankton from water to eat
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suspension/filter feeding
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organ used by clams to pump sea water into their shell and filter it
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siphon
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feeding stages including carnivores, herbivores, and producers
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trophic levels
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cycling of nutrients through the biosphere, earth, and atmosphere
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biogeochemical cycling
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average gross ecological efficiency
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10%
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diagram of all energy flow between organisms of a community
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food web
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close relationship between organisms where at least one benefits
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symbiosis
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symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected
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commensalism
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symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
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mutualism
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symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed
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parasitism
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what protects clownfish from being stung by sea anemones
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mucus
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fish that attaches with a sucker to another fish in order to travel
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remora
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biomass present in an ecosystem at a given time
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standing stock
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what ecosystem is the basis for most of the fish coming from all fisheries
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nontropical shelves
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harvesting fish too quickly, which prevents them from reproducing enough to sustain a population
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overfishing
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unwanted marine organisms caught by fishers
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incidental catch, bycatch
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net drawn around a group of fish, typically resulting in high amounts of bycatch
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purse seine net
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nets that catch any marine organisms that swim through them without noticing the net there
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driftnet, gill net
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cultivation of aquatic organisms in a controlled environment
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aquaculture
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cultivation of marine organisms in a controlled environment
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mariculture
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