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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Mitochondria
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Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities.
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Powerhouses of the cell.
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Chromatin
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Structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes).
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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A nucleic acid found in all living cells; it carries the organism's hereditary information.
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Adipose
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fatty.
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Pinocytosis
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Engulfing of extracellular fluid by cells.
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Nucleus
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Control center of a cell; contains genetic material.
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Electrolytes
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Chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current.
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Lysosomes
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Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.
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"Breakdown bodies"
"Suicide bags" |
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Nucleoli
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Dense spherical bodies in the cell nucleus involved with ribosomal subunit synthesis and storage.
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Metastasis
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The spread of cancer from one body part or organ into another not directly connected to it.
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Microvilli
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Tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption.
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Cartilage
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White, semiopaque connective tissue.
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Lamina
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(1) A thin layer or flat plate: (2) the portion of a vertebra between the transverse process and the spinous process.
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Ribosomes
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Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
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Mitosis
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Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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Extracellular matrix
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Nonliving material that separates the living cells in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers.
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Amino Acid
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Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; building block of protein.
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Solution
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An homogenous mixture of two or more components.
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Hypotonic
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Below normal tone or tension.
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one.
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Intracellular fluid
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Fluid within a cell.
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Ligament
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Band of regular fibrous tissue that connects bones.
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Flagellum
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Long, whiplike extension of the plasma membrane of some bacteria and a sperm; propel the cell.
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Atrophy
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Reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use.
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Cytokinesis
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The division of cytoplasm that occurs after the cell nucleus has divided.
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Centriole
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Minute body found near the nucleus of the cell; active in cell division.
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Muscle fiber
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A muscle cell.
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Crenation
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The shriveling of a cell, for example an erythrocyte, resulting from loss of water.
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Cancer
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A malignant, invasive cellular neoplasm that has the capability of spreading throughout the body or body parts.
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Cytoplasm
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The cellular material surrounding the nucleus and enclosed by the plasma membrane.
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Tendon
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Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone.
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Active transport
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Membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided, e.g., solute pumping and endocytosis.
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Organelles
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Small cellular structures (ribosomes, mitochondria, and others) that perform specific metabolic functions for the cell as a whole.
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Hypertonic
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Excessive, above normal, tone or tension.
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Plasma membrane
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Membrane, composed of three lamina layers, that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane.
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Basement membrane
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Extracellular material consisting of a basal lamina secreted by epithelial cells and a reticular lamina secreted by underlying connective tissue cells.
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Sex chromosomes
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The chromosomes, X and y, that determine genetic sex (XX=female; XY=male); the 23rd pair of chromosomes.
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Connective tissue
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A primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include support, storage, and protection.
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RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
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Nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A, G, C, and U. Carries out DNA's instructions for protein synthesis.
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Pressure gradient
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Difference in hydrostatic pressure that drives filtration.
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Edema
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling.
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Phagocytosis
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Engulfing of foreign solids by (phagocytic) cells.
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Gene
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One of the biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information.
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Passive transport
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Membrane transport processes that do not require cellular energy (ATP), e.g., diffusion which is driven by kinetic energy.
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Chromosomes
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Barlike bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division.
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Diffusion
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The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles.
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Interstitial fluid
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Fluid between the cells.
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Goblet cells
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Individual cells (unicellular glands) that produce mucus.
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Solute
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The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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Neoplasm
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An abnormal mass of proliferating cells; benign neoplasms remain localized; malignant neoplasms are cancers, which can spread to other organs.
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Hyaline
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Glassy; transparent.
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Epithelium (epithelial tissue)
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Pertaining to a primary tissue that covers the body surface, lines its internal cavities, and forms glands.
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Carcinogen
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Cancer-causing agent.
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