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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medial
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Toward the midline of the body.
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Sagittal section
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A longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions.
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Buccal
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Pertaining to the cheek.
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Endocrine System
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Body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones.
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Distal
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Away from the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure.
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Brachial
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Pertaining to the arm.
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Frontal (coronal) section
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Longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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Physiology
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Study of the function of living organisms.
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Effector
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Organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings.
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Abdomen
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Portion of the body between the diaphragm and the pelvis.
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Organism
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The living animal (or plant), which represents the sum total of all its organ systems working together to maintain life.
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body.
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Excretion
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Elimination of waste products from the body.
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Axilla
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armpit.
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Urinary system
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System primarily responsible for water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and removal of nitrogenous wastes.
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Gland
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Organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination.
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Atom
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The smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means.
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Midsagittal (median) section
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Specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline.
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Negative feedback mechanisms
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The most common homeostatic control mechanisms. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
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Transverse (horizontal) section
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A plane running from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
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Receptor
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(1) A cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli. (2) Molecule that binds specifically with other molecules e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones, antigens.
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Anterior
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The front of an organism, organ, or part; the ventral surface.
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Inguinal
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Pertaining to the groin region.
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Homeostasis
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A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body.
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Carpal
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One of the eight bones of the wrist.
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Thoracic
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Refers to the chest.
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Muscular system
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The organ system consisting of the skeletal muscles of the body and their connective tissue attachments.
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Organ system
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A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function; e.g., the nervous system.
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Organ
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A part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a specific function; e.g., the stomach.
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Cranial
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Pertaining to the skull.
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Hypothalamus
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Region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain.
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Skeletal system
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System of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage.
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Cell
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The structural and functional unit of living organisms; contains a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane.
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Tarsal
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One of the seven bones that form the ankle and heel.
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Ventral
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Pertaining to the front; anterior.
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Proximal
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Toward the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure.
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Tissue
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A group of similar cells (and their intercellular substance) specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types of the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
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Inferior (caudal)
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Pertaining to a position near the tail end of the long axis of the body.
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Irritability
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Ability to respond to a stimulus.
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Positive feedback mechanisms
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Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change.
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Anatomy
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Study of the structure of living organisms.
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Cervical
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Refers to the neck or the necklike portion of an organ or structure.
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Lymphatic system
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System consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs and tissues; drains excess tissue fluid from the extracellular space and provides a site for immune surveillance.
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