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55 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Alveolar |
A speech sound made with the tip of the tongue - touching the roof of the mouth and front teeth. |
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Phonology |
The way in which speech sounds form patterns. |
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Narrow transcriptions |
Transcriptions used to distinguish between language, accents and native speakers. |
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Primary Cardinal Vowels |
[i] as in bean, team [e] as in leg, beg [ɜ] as in her [ɑ] as in cat, bag [ɒ] - as in hot, bra |
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The Three Variations of Consonants |
1. Voiced (lenis) and Unvoiced (fortis) 2. place of articulation i.e. bilabial (lips) or alveolar (roof, teeth and tongue) 3. manner of articulation i.e. plosive or fricative |
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Fricative |
A consonant characterized by frictional passage of expired breath through a narrowing in the vocal tract. Examples: /v, θ, ð, ʃ, s, f/ |
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Plosive |
A stop or occlusive produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. Examples: /p, t, k/ |
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Reduction |
Shortening pronunciation of words |
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Laterals |
/l/ like consonant. A clear lateral, as in lady, fly. A dark lateral as in bold, tell. |
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Linking Sounds |
Sounds that are joined together by using /w/ or /j/ sounds. |
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The 3 Components of Phonology |
1. Phonemes 2. Pitch 3. Stress |
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Phoneme |
The smallest unit of sound that affects meaning i.e. distinguishing two words. |
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Affricative |
A complex sound of speech of a stop consonant followed by a fricative. Examples: /tʃ (ch), dʒ (j)/ |
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Elision |
Omission of a sound between two words. |
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Assimilation |
A phoneme being spoken differently when it is near another phoneme. Example: When 'and' is spoken as /n/, peaches and cream. |
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Heteronym |
Two or more words that have the same spelling but have different pronunciation and meaning. Examples: Polish (nationality) and polish (verb) invalid [adj] invalid [n] |
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Homophone |
Two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different meaning. Example: wood/would cite/sight/site |
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Homograph |
Two or more words that have the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings. Examples: stalk (plant part) stalk (follow) |
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Homonym |
A general term that describes word forms that have two or more meanings. Example: can (ability) can (container) |
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Phonographemics |
The study of letters and letter combinations |
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Morpheme |
The smallest unit of language system that has meaning. |
More commonly known as: the root word, the prefix, and a suffix |
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The eight parts of speech |
Nouns Verbs Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Interjections Conjunctions |
Cat Ear She Happy Happily On Help! But, and |
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Root word / Base word |
Where the actual meaning is determined. |
The key to understanding a word. |
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Prefix |
Acts as a syllable that is in front of the root word or base word and can alter the meaning of the root or base word |
In-, un- |
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Suffix |
A letter or letters added to the end of the word; can alter the original tense or meaning of the root word or base word |
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Morohology |
The process of how the words of a language are formed to create meaningful messages. |
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Free morpheme |
Morphemes that are able to stand by themselves and have meaning. |
Words like 'chair' 'bag'. |
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Bound/Derivational morpheme |
Morphemes that need to be used with other morphemes to create meaning. |
Readable, enable... |
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NominalIzers |
The largest group of derivative suffixes which change adjectives or verbs into nouns. |
Suffixes like -acy, -tion, -ment. |
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Inflection |
In English, all of these are suffixes and occur at the very end of the word. |
Regular verbs like 'want - wanted' Plural nouns like 'cat - cats' Adjectives like 'pretty - prettier - prettiest' |
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Morphemic analysis |
The process of breaking a word down into its component parts to determine its meaning |
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Morpheme |
The smallest unit of language system that has meaning. |
More commonly known as: the root word, the prefix, and a suffix |
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The eight parts of speech |
Nouns Verbs Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Interjections Conjunctions |
Cat Ear She Happy Happily On Help! But, and |
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Four parts of a sample sentence |
Subject Predicate Compound subject Compound predicate |
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The four parts of a sentencw |
Subject or compound subject Predicate or compound predicate |
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Morphology |
The process of how the words of a language are formed to create meaningful messages. |
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Prefix |
Acts as a syllable that is in front of the root word or base word and can alter the meaning of the root or base word |
In-, un- |
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Suffix |
A letter or letters added to the end of the word; can alter the original tense or meaning of the root word or base word |
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Morohology |
The process of how the words of a language are formed to create meaningful messages. |
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Free morpheme |
Morphemes that are able to stand by themselves and have meaning. |
Words like 'chair' 'bag'. |
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Bound/Derivational morpheme |
Morphemes that need to be used with other morphemes to create meaning. |
Readable, enable... |
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NominalIzers |
The largest group of derivative suffixes which change adjectives or verbs into nouns. |
Suffixes like -acy, -tion, -ment. |
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Inflection |
In English, all of these are suffixes and occur at the very end of the word. |
Regular verbs like 'want - wanted' Plural nouns like 'cat - cats' Adjectives like 'pretty - prettier - prettiest' |
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The four parts of a sentence |
Subject or compound subject Predicate or compound predicate |
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Sentence types |
1. Simple - The bus was late. 2. Compound - Tom walked to the station and he took the bus. 3. Complex - after I write the report, I'll call you. |
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Four purposes of a sentence |
1. Declarative 2. Interrogative 3. Imperative 4. Exclamatory |
Anna will feed the dog. Anna, have you fed the dog? Anna, please feed the dog. Anna, go feed the dog right now! |
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Two types of clauses |
Independent clause- can stand alone or can be joined to other clauses. Dependent clause-contain at least one subject and predicate but cannot stand alone. |
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Presupposition |
Speech that isn't spoken, but nevertheless, understood by the speaker. |
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Implication |
Concerns implications the listener can make from utterances without actually being told. |
I tried to call you. (Suggests I wasn't successful.) |
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Prosodic features |
Use of stress or tone to coney meaning. |
John visited Jack. (Suggests only Jack) |
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What is the pitch for a question? |
Rising |
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What is the pitch for agreement? |
Falling |
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What is the pitch for agreement with reservation? |
Neutral |
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What is the pitch for annoyance? |
The voice falls abruptly. |
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How many phonemes are there in English? |
44 |
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