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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Big Bang |
13.7 bill yrs: super nova type explosion, expanding gasses --> galaxies |
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Close Encounter |
Stars Gravity rips hot gas from protoplanet our sun, then condenses into planets (unproabable) |
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Nebulae |
cloud of gas and dust, between stars |
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Galaxy |
pattern, mills of stars, planets, dust, asteriods |
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Ellipse law |
orbit of a planet, oval, where sun is 1 focus |
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Equal area law |
Planet revolves around sun so a line from planet to sun sweeps over equal areas in equal times |
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Harmonic law |
Ratio of square of revolution of 2 places, is equal to ratio of cubes of average distance from sun |
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Kepler's three laws |
1) Ellipse Law 2) Equal area, equal time revolution 3) Harmonic Law |
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Perihelion |
Point where a planet is closest the sun in its orbit |
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Aphelion |
Point where a planet is furthest the sun on its orbit |
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2 features of the moon: |
- Maria (flat land seas) - Impact craters |
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Gravity on moon is... |
1/6 the objects weight |
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Layers of the sun |
Core: where H fusion occurs Photosphere: surface, rising & cooling gas mottled, sun-spots, prominences Chromosphere: red, lower atmos, low density Corona: outer atmos, "rays" Sun Spots: darker, cooler, magnetic storms |
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Protostar |
When a nebulae cloud begins to glow |
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Nova |
Flare of activity from white dwarf star |
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Supernova |
Massive nova |
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Neutron Star |
Remaining dense core of a super nova |
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Diffuse & Dark Nebulas |
Diffuse: visible from light from near star (light) Dark: distant from star, shadow (dark) |
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Red Giant |
-Large -Red -Cooler -Occurs when loses stability |
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White Dwarf |
-Fuel is used up -Collapsed (atoms squeeze) -Faint |
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Super Giants |
-High mass star that runs out of fuel -Expands -100x more luminous & large than red giant |
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Variable Stars |
Brightness that changes in regular cycle |
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Cephied |
pulsing object |
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Quasar |
-largest known object -most luminous -radiates light & radio waves at high freq |
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astronomical units |
150 million km the distance between earth and sun |
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light year |
9.5 trillion km distance that light travels in one year |
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what 4 factors cause a stars colour |
temperature, composition, magnitude , and luminosity |
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what elements change a stars colors |
green- barium red- strontium blue- copper |
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absolute magnitude |
the actual amount of light given off, at a standard distance 1st mag -> 6th mag brightest -> faintest |
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apparent magnitide |
the brightness as it appears to us on earth |
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luminosity |
the actual brightness depends on size and temperature |
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luminosity |
the actual brightness depends on size and temperature |
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Hertz-Sprung Russell Diagram |
compares temperature to Luminosity |
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luminosity |
the actual brightness depends on size and temperature |
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Hertz-Sprung Russell Diagram |
compares temperature to Luminosity |
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what 4 types of stars exist? |
-main sequence -red giants -super giants -dwarf stars |
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comets |
icy, orbits sun (dirty snowball) trail faces away from sun |
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asteroids |
solid, rock like, irregular asteroid belt- Mars & Jupiter |
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asteroids |
solid, rock like, irregular asteroid belt- Mars & Jupiter |
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meteroids |
small rock/ice comes from asteroids, moons, comets, etc. |
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asteroids |
solid, rock like, irregular asteroid belt- Mars & Jupiter |
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meteroids |
small rock/ice comes from asteroids, moons, comets, etc. |
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3 types of meteriods |
meteriod- |
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3 types of meteriods |
meteriod- space meteror- atmosphere meterite- earth
stone, iron, stoney-iron |
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planets |
leftover nebula material |
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rotation & revolution |
rotation- spinning on axis revolution- moving around sun |
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rotation & revolution |
rotation- spinning on axis revolution- moving around sun |
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terrestrial inner planets earth like |
mercury, Venus, earth, Mars first created rocky core, small, few/no moons short revolution, slow rotation |
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rotation & revolution |
rotation- spinning on axis revolution- moving around sun |
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terrestrial inner planets earth like |
mercury, Venus, earth, Mars first created rocky core, small, few/no moons short revolution, slow rotation |
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Jovian outer planets Jupiter like / gas giants |
Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune large, gas/ice/dust large rings, many moons long revolution, fast rotation |
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trans-neptunian objects |
outside Neptune's orbit: Pluto found in Kuiper belt |
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trans-neptunian objects |
outside Neptune's orbit: Pluto found in Kuiper belt |
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Oort cloud |
furthest reaches of sun's gravity pull |
