Equine Breeding And Reproduction Test 2

Front 1

Back 1

Front 2

What is the definition of mitosis?

Back 2

The process of cell duplication/reproduction, where one cell gives rise to 2 genetically identical cells

Front 3

What is the definition of meiosis?

Back 3

Division of a germ cell involving 2 nuclear separations, gives rise to 4 gametes, each having half the number of chromosomes of the original cell (sperm, ovum)

Front 4

Back 4

Spermatagonia, Primary Spermatocytes, Spermatids, Spermatozoa

Front 5

Back 5

Head, mid piece, tail, acrosome, nucleus, mitochondria

Front 6

What is capacitation?

Back 6

A series of biochemical reactions that occur during sperm transport through the female reproductive tract.

-Must occur before acrosome reaction

-Hyperactivity of the tail happens during capacitation

Front 7

When and where does the acrosomal reaction occur?

Back 7

-After capacitation

-Very close to the egg

Front 8

What hormone must be present for capacitation?

Back 8

Progesterone

Front 9

What is the outer membrane of the egg called?

Back 9

Zona Pellucida

Front 10

What are 3 breeding methods?

Back 10

-Hand Breeding

-Pasture Breeding

-Artificial Insemination

Front 11

What is a pro and a con of hand breeding?

Back 11

Pro: Control of stallion, observed breeding

Con: Both stallion and mare are present, venereal diseases transmission, safety of mare and staff, full ejaculation (wasteful)

Front 12

What is a pro and a con of pasture breeding?

Back 12

Pro: Non-labor intensive

Con: Un-Observed breeding, injuries to stallion and mares

Front 13

What are 5 advantages of AI?

Back 13

-Disease Control

-Decreases chances of injury

-Semen can be collected from problem stallions

-Semen is evaluated each time it is collected

-Prevents stallion overuse

-Allows more mares to be bred

-Permits breeding of mares with problems

-Permits use of older valuable stallions

-Allows mares to be bred at the best time of conception

-Increase pregnancy rates

Front 14

What are breeding hobbles?

Back 14

(Will be a picture)

Keeps mare from striking stud

Front 15

What is the Flehmen response?

Back 15

When the horse flips their lip up to concentrate scent

Front 16

What is the number of sperm per ejaculate?

Back 16

6-10

Front 17

What are 3 venereal diseases?

Back 17

-Equine Viral Arteritis

-CEM (Contagious Equine Metritis)

-Equine Herpes Virus (3)

Front 18

Name 3 reasons that a stallion wouldn't pass a BSE that are not associated with the reproductive tract.

Back 18

-Conformation, lameness

-Vision, ocular defects

-Parrot Mouth

-Wobbler

Front 19

What are the two types of AV's?

Back 19

-Colorado

-Missouri

Front 20

What is a pro and a con of the Missouri?

Back 20

Pro: Easily adjust pressure, very light

Con: Doesn't hold much water (drops in temperature), difficult to use disposable liners(greater chance of contamination), leather case does not always hold the AV firmly when the stallions penis enters the AV, a special "coupling nut" is needed to attach a collection bottle to it

Front 21

What is a pro and a con of the Colorado?

Back 21

Pro: Large volume, retains heat well

Con: Heavy to hand hold

Front 22

What is the temperature range for the AV?

Back 22

48-52 degrees Celsius

Front 23

Name 3 things that can affect motility in the stallion that aren't related to the stallion.

Back 23

-Cold

-Urine

-Soap

-Glassware

Front 24

How does the densometer work?

Back 24

It shoots light rays to determine density

Front 25

What is the blue box we use called?

Back 25

Densometer

Front 26

Where do primary abnormalities of sperm come from?

Back 26

Testes

Front 27

Where do secondary abnormalities in sperm come from?

Back 27

Epididymis

Front 28

What is Hemospermia?

Back 28

Blood in semen

Front 29

What are 2 reasons for testicular degeneration?

Back 29

-High scrotal temperature

-Infection/Fever

-Trauma/vascular injury

-Age - 20 to 30

-Detection

-U/S

-Biopsy

-Head and tail abnormalities

Front 30

What are some cons of AI?

Back 30

-Specialized equiptment is needed

-Technical expertise is needed

-Incorrectly practiced AI can cause problems

Front 31

Back 31

Contagious Equine Metritis

Front 32

Back 32

EHV 3

Front 33

What are other types of AV's?

Back 33

-Hannover

-Japanese

-Polish

Front 34

What is the lifespan of a sperm cell in the female reproductive tract?

Back 34

2-4 Days

Front 35

What is the Semen volume/ejaculate?

Back 35

20-100 ml

Front 36

What is the sperm concentration/ejaculation?

Back 36

300-800 million