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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
As a ball thrown straight up in the air gains altitude, the potential energy _______ and the kinetic energy ______. |
Increases, decreases |
|
Burning fossil fuels ______. |
adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere |
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The FIRST law of thermodynamics deals with ______. |
Conservation of energy |
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A ______ is a combination of two or more pure substances. |
mixture |
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The SECOND law of thermodynamics deals with ______. |
Entropy (or disorder) |
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The symbol for the element sulfur is _____? |
S |
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There are ______ known elements. |
118 |
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Which of the following is a compound? |
Glucose |
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Which of the following is an element? |
Oxygen |
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Which of the following is not one of the six key elements in living systems? |
Silicon |
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Cellular respiration converts carbon atoms in ____ to ____. |
Sugar, carbon dioxide |
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Organisms in which trophic level carry out cellular respiration? |
First, second, third, and decomposers (all) |
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Organisms in which trophic level carry out photosynthesis? |
First |
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Photosynthesis converts carbon atoms in ____ to ____. |
carbon dioxide, sugar |
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Producers are located in which trophic level(s)? |
First |
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What percentage of the energy "taken in" by an organism in a natural ecosystem is usually converted to new biomass? |
10% |
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Which of the following best characterizes the changes in our relationship to the earth as a result of the industrial revolution? |
increased used of energy and natural resources |
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Which of the following is defined as "a community of organisms and its local nonliving environment in which matter cycles and energy flows"? |
Ecosystem |
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Which of the following is not an abiotic component of a forest ecosystem? |
Fungus |
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Which of the following is NOT correctly matched? |
Mushroom - detritus |
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The competitive exclusion principle states that no two organisms can have identical |
Ecological niches |
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Early work demonstrated that ____ played a keystone role in preventing ____ by being overgrazed by ____. |
sea otters; kelp (a type of algae); sea urchins |
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Increased resistance in bacteria after repeated exposure to antibiotics is due to ______. |
Natural selection |
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an interaction between species in which both species benefit from the interaction is classified as |
Mutualism |
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Populations growing with little regulation or in unpredictable environments tend to grow in what pattern? |
J-curve |
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Populations in equilibrium tend to grow in a ______ pattern. |
S-curve |
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"Survival of the Fittest" is often used to summarize Darwin's views on natural selection. Darwin's concept of fittest refers to an organism's ______. |
Ability to survive and reproduce |
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When the number of births and deaths are approximately equal, a population is likely |
at or near the carrying capacity |
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Which of the following factors would not be a part of an oak tree's abiotic range of tolerance |
the fungus growing on its roots in the soil in which it is rooted |
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Which of the following would most likely increase competition between members of a population? |
An increase in population density |
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The agricultural revolution, in which humans began cultivating crops, began approximately ______ years ago. |
10,000 |
|
Compared to a modern developed country, our primitive human ancestors had |
Higher birth rates and higher death rates |
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A hypothetical country had 8,000 births and 9,000 deaths in 1999. the population size of the country in that year was 100,000 individuals. What was its growth rate in |
-1% |
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If there is ______, population growth rates will increase |
increased immigration |
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Improvements in which of the following lead to rapid population increases in industrializing countries? |
farming practices, medicine and antibiotics, and public sanitation and sewage treatment (all) |
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It took a hypothetical population 10 years to double in size. what was their average growth rate during that period? |
7% |
|
Total fertility rate refers to: |
the average number of children being born per women in her lifetime |
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What is replacement level fertility? |
the average fertility rate that just replaces the parents |
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Which of the following statements concerning immigration is false? |
most other developed nations admit the same number of immigrants as the U.S. |
|
The world population is currently about ______ billion |
7 |
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A country with a large population and a small gross national product (GNP) would likely be a ______. |
Developing Country |
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A country with ________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future. |
high female literacy and access to contraceptives |
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Developing countries contain ____ of the human population, hold ____ of the world's wealth, and generate ____ of the world's pollution |
most, little, little |
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A human population pyramid shows the ______. |
numbers of people in each age group |
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In which phase of the demographic transition does a society's population stabilize after a period of rapid growth? |
Phase III |
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Old age support in developing countries is ______. |
Usually provided by adult children |
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The overwhelming bulk of the increase in the human population over the next 100 years is predicted to occur in |
developing countries |
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Population stabilization will occur when the average global total fertility rate is equal to the |
replacement level fertility rate |
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Which of the following CONTINENTS has the highest population? |
asia |
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Based on this population pyramid, what type of population change wold you predict for this century? |
decrease |
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The element most abundant (as a percentage by mass) in fossil fuels is |
Carbon |
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The fission of the nuclei of this element is commonly employed in the generation of nuclear power |
Uranium |
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Fossil fuels were produced over millions of years from |
slow decay of organic matter |
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In which region of the world are the largest known oil reserves located |
the middle east |
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The steam engine was used extensively as a source of energy in |
nineteenth century |
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What is the chemical composition of natural gas |
methane |
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Which of the following causes the most amount of pollution? |
coal |
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Which of the following is correct about the united states? |
while it produces crude oil, it must also import crude oil to meet the high demands |
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Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel |
Geothermal energy |
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Which of the following sites in the former soviet union is associated with a major nuclear accident? |
Chernobyl |