English Lang+Lit A2

Front 1

Literary Feature

Personification

Back 1

an inanimate object represented as a living being

e.g the flame of the candle danced in the dark

Front 2

Literary Feature

Simile

Back 2

direct comparison between two ideas to contrast difference or similarities

e.g. like a lion

Front 3

Literary Feature

Sibilance

Back 3

repetition of the 's' consonant two or more times within short succession

Front 4

Literary Feature

Onomatopoeia

Back 4

word that imitates or suggests the source of thesound that it describes

Front 5

Literary Feature

Alliteration

Back 5

repetition of the sounds of the initialconsonant in a series of words or phrases

Front 6

Literary Feature

Assonance

Back 6

repeating vowel sounds to create internal halfrhyme within sentences

e.g. “Men sell the wedding bells”

Front 7

Literary Feature

Hyperbole

Back 7

exaggeration for effect

Front 8

Literary Feature

Litotes

Back 8

understatement for effect

Front 9

Literary Feature

Oxymoron

Back 9

a figure of speech that combines contradictoryterms adjacent to each other

e.g. awfully pretty or seriously funny

Front 10

Literary Feature

Metaphor

Back 10

an analogy in which something is said to besomething else

e.g. “He is the black sheep of the family”

Front 11

Literary Feature

Pathetic fallacy

Back 11

to foreshadow or mirror events tocome through use of weather/nature/elements

Front 12

Rhetorical Feature

Collocations

Back 12

two terms that are directly related to oneanother

e.g. freedom and justice

Front 13

Rhetorical Feature

Antithesis

Back 13

use of opposites for effect

e.g. black and white

Front 14

Rhetorical Feature

Syntactic parallel

Back 14

repetition of structure in successivesentences to emphasise proposal

e.g. “Alice ran into the room, into the garden, and into our hearts.”

Front 15

Rhetoric Feature

Repetition

Back 15

repeating a word, term or clause

Front 16

Rhetoric Feature

Anadiplosis

Back 16

the repetition of a word that ends the clause,at the beginning of a new clause

Front 17

Rhetoric Feature

Anastrophe

Back 17

inverting the natural order of words in speech

e.g. "Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction."

Front 18

Rhetorical Feature

Polysyndeton

Back 18

several conjunctions (“and”) used in closesuccession

Front 19

Literary Feature

Anthropomorphism

Back 19

animals acting as humans

Front 20

Literary Feature

Zoomorphism

Back 20

humans acting as animals

Front 21

Rhetorical Feature

Polyptoton

Back 21

using a word in differet word classes

e.g. sing and song

Front 22

Linguistic Feature

Foregrounding

Back 22

giving prominence to one element within a textoften placing it at the front

Front 23

Linguistic Feature

Inversion

Back 23

change of the usual word order

e.g. "Where in the world were you!"

Front 24

Linguistic Feature

Syndetic list

Back 24

a list that ends with the final item addressedbeforehand with ‘and'

Front 25

Linguistic Feature

Asyndetic List

Back 25

a list that does not have a final linking word

Front 26

Linguistic Feature

Elision

Back 26

the fusion of two words to create one

e.g. “gonna” is an elision of the phrase “going to"

Front 27

Linguistic Feature

Ellipsis

Back 27

...

Front 28

Linguistic Feature

Discourse Marker

Back 28

word to indicate the start of a newsubject

e.g. "so" "right" "okay"

Front 29

Linguistic Feature

Neologism

Back 29

the introduction of a new word

Front 30

Linguistic Feature

Intensifier

Back 30

servesas an enhancer or emphasis upon emotion

e.g. "amazingly good"

Front 31

Linguistic Feature

Deictic

Back 31

relating to a particular word thatrequires contextual background

e.g. "this"

Front 32

Cohesion

Cataphoric

Back 32

indicates something to come

Front 33

Literary/Speech Feature

Colloquial

Back 33

variety of language commonly employed in informal situations

e.g. a bunch of numpties – a group of idiots

Front 34

Cohesion

Anaphoric

Back 34

reference to something alreadymentioned

Front 35

Cohesion

Synonyms

Back 35

aword that means the exact or close to another word

Front 36

Cohesion

Transition

Back 36

useof transitional words to link events or emotions

Front 37

Cohesion

Repetition

Back 37

repeatinga key word between paragraphs to create similar ideas

Front 38

Cohesion

Referencing

Back 38

referringto subjects and ideas through pronouns and figures of speech

Front 39

Cohesion

Additive Conjunction

Back 39

e.g. "and" or "in addition"

Front 40

Cohesion

Causal Conjunction

Back 40

e.g "because"

Front 41

Cohesion

Adversative Conjunction

Back 41

e.g. "but" or "however"

Front 42

Cohesion

Temporal Conjunction

Back 42

e.g. "then" or "when"

Front 43

Literary Crafting

Exposition

Back 43

the gradual revealing of a character

Front 44

Syntax

Complex

Back 44

oneindependent clause, with two or more dependent clauses

e.g. "because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave" or "Though he was very rich, he was still very unhappy"

Front 45

Syntax

Compound

Back 45

twoindependent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction

e.g. "I really want to go to work, but I am too sick to drive" or "I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert"

Front 46

Syntax

Simple

Back 46

one independent clause

e.g. "The girl sprinted after the tiger" or "The cat purred"

Front 47

Syntax

Minor

Back 47

averb is unnecessary, often an exclamation

e.g. "Not right now" or "Mary here" or "Go!" or "You over there!"

Front 48

Syntax

Declarative

Back 48

usedto convey information to make statements

Front 49

Syntax

Interrogative

Back 49

usedto ask questions

Front 50

Syntax

Exclamatory

Back 50

usedto make exclamations

Front 51

Syntax

Imperative

Back 51

issuing orders or directions

Front 52

Verbs

Dynamic

Back 52

describes an action

e.g. "Joe is chasing the bus."

Front 53

Verbs

Stative

Back 53

describes something as having a state or existing

e.g. "Kevin wants some ice-cream."

Front 54

Verbs

Non-finite

Back 54

describe a something that is not showing tense

e.g. "I hate camping" or "Arriving late, I saw the other kids and they seemed to be excited"

Front 55

Verbs

Tense

Back 55

determined by when the action took place

e.g. "I walked to work" or "I walk to work" or "I will walk to work"

Front 56

Verbs

Modal

Back 56

an auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or possibility

e.g. "must" "shall" "will" "should" "would" "can" "could" "may" "might"

Front 57

Speech

Direct Speech

Back 57

reporting clause

e.g “It’s snowing” he said

Front 58

Speech

Free Direct Speech

Back 58

allowingpace with no reporting clause

e.g. It is snowing

Front 59

Speech

Indirect Speech

Back 59

reported

e.g. he said it was snowing

Front 60

Grice's Maxims

Maxim of Relevance

Back 60

be relevant to the context of the conversation

Front 61

Grice's Maxims

Maxim of Truth

Back 61

be truthful and have enough evidence for what you say

Front 62

Grice's Maxims

Maxim of Quantity

Back 62

don't say too much or too little

Front 63

Grice's Maxims

Maxim of Manner

Back 63

speak in a clear, coherent and orderly way

Front 64

Archaic

Back 64

a word that is no longer in use

Front 65

Register

Back 65

frozen,very formal, colloquial, slang, taboo

Front 66

Phatic

Back 66

smalltalk

Front 67

Adjacency Pair

Back 67

couplespeaking

Front 68

Contraction

Back 68

syllableor word group by omission of internal letters

Front 69

Tag Questions

Back 69

questionsthat end a sentence

Front 70

Low Frequency Lexis

Back 70

sophisticated words

Front 71

High Frequency Lexis

Back 71

everyday langauage

Front 72

Modifiers

Back 72

a word (such as an adjective or adverb) or phrase that describes another word or group of words

e.g. In “a red hat,” the adjective “red” is a modifier describing the noun “hat.”

Front 73

Superlative

Back 73

the best it can be (overexaggeration)