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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, and fatigue overtones
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Hyperparathyroidism
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dz states that must be r/o in the presence of hypercalcemia
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malignant tumors
multiple myeloma sarcoidosis |
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medical tx for hyperparathyroidism
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large fluid intake
biphosphonates |
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complications of hyperparathyroidism (3)
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pathologic fractures
urinary tract infections renal failure |
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renal resistance to parathyroid hormone
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pseudo-hypoparathyroidism
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circumoral tingling, tetany, muscle cramps, irritability, and seizures
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hypoparathyroidism
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Lethargy, personality changes, blurry vision, and mental retardation
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chronic hypoparathyroidism
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most common cause of hyperthyroidism
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graves dz
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contraindication for the use of radioactive iodine
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pregnancy
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why should asa be avoided in thyrotoxicosis?
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asa will raise free t4 levels
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most common cause of hypothyroidism
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hashimoto's thyroiditis
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drugs that can induce hypothyroidism (3)
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1. amiodarone
2. sulfonamides 3. lithium |
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worst complication of hypothyroidism
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myxedema coma
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altered mental status, hypothermia, hypothyroidism
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myxedema coma
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fatigue, dry mouth and eyes, and a diffusely enlarged, firm nodular thyroid
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Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (hashimoto's)
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stony, hard thyroid gland and signs of dysphagia, dyspnea, pain, and hoarseness
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Riedel's thyroiditis
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tx for subacute thyroiditis
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asa
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tx for riedel's thyroiditis
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steroids and tamoxifen for long term tx
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most common thyroid neoplasm
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papillary ca
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test to separate ACTH-dependent from ACTH-independent hypercortisolism
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone
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test to screen for adrenal hyperfunction
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dexamethasone test
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adrenal inhibitors for the tx of cushing's syndrome
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metyrapone and ketoconazole
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diagnostic test for adrenal insufficiency
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simplified cosyntropin stimulation test
cortisol level below 20mg/dL is a positive test |
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X-linked disorder w/ accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the adrenal cortex, testes, and brain. Pts usually present in the 3rd decade w/ peripheral neuropathy and progressive spastic paraplegia. MLDx?
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Adrenoleukodystrophy
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hormone controlling cortisol release
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Ceramide trihexoside
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most common cause of death in acromegaly pt
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heart failure
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history of birth asphyxia, neonatal hypoglycemia, microphallus, or midline defects growing at a diminished velocity
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growth hormone deficiency
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autosomal genetic disorder that causes dwarfism
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achondroplasia
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Prolactin inhibitory factor
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dopamine
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ddx for hyperprolactinemia (5)
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cirrhosis
pregnancy hypothyroidism renal failure pituitary tumor |
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3 common dopamine agonists for tx of hyperprolactinemia
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Cabergoline (Dostinex)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel) Pergolide (Permax) |
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criteria for dx of dm
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Symptoms of diabetes + random plasma glucose > 200mg/dL.
Fasting plasma glucose > 125 x 2 Two-hour tolerance test plasma glucose > 200 |
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AE of sulfonylurea
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hypoglycemia and weight gain
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mention 3 common sulfonylureas
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Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Glipizide (Glucotrol) glyburide (Diabeta) |
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Mention 2 meglitinides and their use in preventing hyperglycemia
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repaglinide (prandin)
Nateglinide (Starlix) THEIR MOA IS SIMILAR TO SULFONYLUREAS BUT LACKS THE SULFA COMPONENT THEREFORE INDICATED IN SULFA ALLERGIC PATIENTS W/ TYPE 2 DM |
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mention 2 common TZDs
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Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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this anti-diabetic drug can cause fluid retention and CHF
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TZDs
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MOA of TZDs
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Decrease peripheral insulin resistance
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mention 2 common alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol |
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MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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Decrease post-prandial sugar absorption from the small intestines
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pts should take this drug 1 hr before or 4-6 hr after taking other medications due to interference w/ absorption
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bile acid sequestrants
cholestyramine (questran) colesevelam (welchol) |
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AE of fibric acid derivatives (2)
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cholelithiasis
drug-induced hepatitis |
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mention 2 common fibric acid derivatives
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fenofibrate (tricor or lipofen)
gemfibrozil (Lopid) |
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bloody nipple discharge suggests...?
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INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMA OF THE BREAST IS MORE COMMON BUT ALWAYS R/O INTRADUCTAL CA
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Most common breast ca
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INVASIVE DUCTAL CA
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Macular rash over the nipple
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PAGET'S BREAST DISEASE
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Pts w/ choriocarcinoma will present w/ which thyroid disorder?
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HYPERTHYROIDISM (MOLAR TISSUE PRODUCES TSH OR THYROTROPIN)
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Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can result in which two complications?
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1. PREMATURE DELIVERY
2. NEONATAL THYROTOXICOSIS |
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Post-partum galactorrhea and amenorrhea plus hyperprolactinemia which can lead to uterine and ovary atrophy
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CHIARI-FROMMEL SYNDROME
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pt in ICU w/ low T3 an nml T4 and TSH..DX?
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SICK EUTHYROID SYNDROME
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Pt presents c/o anxiety and shaky hands as well as heat intolerance. There's a h/o radio-contrast iodine and amiodarone therapy for a-fib. No exophthalmos or lymphedema are noted. Palpation of the thyroid reveals multiple nodules. MLDx?
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TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER (JODBASEDOW'S DISEASE)
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Pt presents c/o anxiety and shaky hands as well as heat intolerance. There's a h/o radio-contrast iodine and amiodarone therapy for a-fib. No exophthalmos or lymphedema are noted. Palpation of the thyroid reveals multiple nodules. MLDx?
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TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER (JODBASEDOW'S DISEASE)
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Mention 2 advantages of TZDs over Metformin
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MORE GLYCEMIC CONTROL DURATION
REDUCED PROGRESSION FROM PRE-DIABETES TO DM 2 |