Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rapid acting Insulin: |
Lispro,Aspart, Glulisine |
|
Short acting insulin: |
Regular |
|
Intermediate acting insulin: |
NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) |
|
Long acting insulin: |
Glargine, Detemir |
|
Class of Detemir |
Long acting insulin |
|
Class of Glargine |
Long acting insulin |
|
Class of NPH |
Intermediate acting insulin |
|
Class of Regular |
Short acting insulin
|
|
Class of Glulisine |
rapid-acting insulin |
|
Class of Aspart |
rapid-acting insulin |
|
Class of Lispro |
rapid-acting insulin |
|
Clinical use of Insulin: |
Type l DM, type 2 DM,gestational diabetes, lifethreateninghyperkalemia,and stress-inducedhyperglycemia |
|
clinical use of which drug: Type l DM, type 2 DM,gestational diabetes, lifethreateninghyperkalemia,and stress-inducedhyperglycemia |
insulin |
|
Adverse reactions to insulin: |
Hypoglycemia, very rarelyhypersensitivity reactions |
|
Adverse reaction of which drug: Hypoglycemia, very rarelyhypersensitivity reactions. |
insulin |
|
MOA of insulin: |
Bind insulin receptor (tyrosinekinase activity).Liver: inc. glucose stored as glycogen.Muscle: inc. glycogen and proteinsynthesis, inc. K+ uptake.Fat: aids TG storage |
|
MOA of which drug: Liver: inc. glucose stored as glycogen. Muscle: inc. glycogen and protein synthesis, K+ uptake. Fat: aids TG storage |
insulin |
|
Name the Biguanide |
Metformin |
|
class of Metformin: |
Biguanide |
|
route of administration of metformin: |
oral |
|
desirable effects of metformin: |
dec. gluconeogenesis, inc. glycolysis, inc. peripheral glucose uptake(insulin sensitivity) |
|
desirable effects of which drug: dec. gluconeogenesis, inc. glycolysis, inc. peripheral glucose uptake(insulin sensitivity) |
Metformin |
|
Clinical use of Metformin: |
First-line therapy intype 2 DM. Can be used in patientswithout islet function |
|
clinical use of which drug: First-line therapy intype 2 DM |
metformin |
|
Adverse effects of metformin: |
GI upset; most seriousadverse effect islactic acidosis (thuscontraindicated in renalfailure). |
|
adverse effects of which drug: GI upset; most seriousadverse effect islactic acidosis (thuscontraindicated in renalfailure). |
Metformin |
|
First generation sulfonylureas: |
Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide |
|
Second generation sulfonylureas: |
Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide |
|
class of Glipizide |
Second generation sulfonylurea |
|
class of glimepiride |
Second generation sulfonylurea |
|
class of Glyburide |
Second generation sulfonylurea |
|
class of Tolbutamide |
first generation sulfonylurea |
|
class of chlorpropamide |
first generation sulfonylurea |
|
MOA of sulfonylureas: |
Close K+ channel in beta-cellmembrane, so cell depolarizes-> triggering of insulin release via inc. Ca2+ influx. |
|
MOA of which drug: Close K+ channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes -> triggering of insulin release via inc. Ca2+ influx. |
sulfonylurea |
|
name the five sulfonylureas: |
First Gen: TolbutamideChlorpropamide Second Gen: GlyburideGlimepirideGlipizide |
|
Clinical use of sulfonylureas: |
Stimulate release of endogenous insulin in type 2 DM |
|
which drugs' clinical use Stimulate release of endogenous insulin in type 2 DM |
sulfonylureas |
|
difference between 1st and 2nd gen sulfonylureas: |
difference adv. effects: First generation : disulfiram likeeffects. Second generation :hypoglycaemia |
|
adverse effects of tolbutamide and chlorpropamide: |
1st gen sulfonylureas: disulfiram likeeffects. |
|
adverse effects of GlyburideGlimepirideGlipizide: |
2nd gen sulfonylureas: hypoglycaemia. |
|
which drugs' adverse effects: disulfiram like effects: |
1st gen sulfonylureas |
|
which drugs' adverse effects: hypoglycaemia |
2nd gen sulfonylureas |
|
another name for glitazones: |
thiazolidinediones |
|
another name for thiazolidinediones: |
glitazones |
|
class of Pioglitazone: |
thiazolideniones. aka glitazones |
|
class of rosiglitazone: |
thiazolidinediones aka glitazones |
|
name the thiazolideniones: |
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone |
|
MOA of the glitazones: |
Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone: inc. insulin sensitivity in peripheraltissue. Binds to PPAR-gamma nucleartranscription regulator... (Genes activated by PPAR-gamma regulate fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. Activation of PPAR-gamma inc. insulin sensitivity andlevels of adiponectin) |
|
MOA of which drugs: inc. insulin sensitivity in peripheraltissue. Binds to PPAR-gamama nucleartranscription regulator |
glitazones: Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone |
|
clinical use of pioglitazone/rosiglitazone: |
Used as monotherapy in type2 DM or combined withabove agents |
|
adverse effects of the glitazones: |
Weight gain, edema, Hepatotoxicity, heart failure |
|
adverse effects of which drugs: Weight gain, edema, Hepatotoxicity, heart failure |
PioglitazoneRosiglitazone |
|
name the alpha-glucosidaseinhibitors: |
Acarbose, Miglitol |
|
class of Acarbose: |
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor |
|
class of Miglitol: |
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor |
|
MOA of acarbose and miglitol: |
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Inhibit intestinal brush-borderalpha-glucosidases.Delayed sugar hydrolysisand glucose absorption-> dec. postprandial hyperglycemia |
|
MOA of which drugs: Inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases. Delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption -> dec. postprandial hyperglycemia. |
acarbose and miglitol |
|
clinical use of acarbose and miglitol: |
alpha-glucosidaseinhibitors: Used as monotherapy in type2 DM or combined withabove agents. |
|
adverse effects of acarbose and miglitol: |
GI disturbances |
|
adverse effects of which drug: GI disturbances: |
acarbose and miglitol |
|
name the amylin analogs: |
Pramlintide |
|
class of Pramlintide: |
amylin analog |
|
MOA of pramlintide: |
Dec. glucagon |
|
MOA of which drug: dec. glucagon |
amylin analog: pramlintide |
|
clinical use of pramlintide: |
Type l and type 2 DM. |
|
clinical use of which drug: Type l and type 2 DM. |
pramlintide: the amylin analog. |
|
adverse effects of pramlintide: |
Hypoglycemia,nausea, diarrhea |
|
adverse effects of which drug: Hypoglycemia,nausea, diarrhea |
pramlintide |
|
name the GLP-1 analogs: |
Exenatide, Liraglutide |
|
class of Exenatide: |
GLP-1 analog |
|
class of Liraglutide |
GLP-1 analog |
|
MOA of GLP-1 analogs: |
inc. insulin dec. glucagon release |
|
MOA of which drugs: inc. insulin dec. glucagon release: |
GLP-1 analogs: ExenatideLiraglutide DPP-4 inhibitors: Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin |
|
clinical use of Exenatide, Liraglutide: |
Type 2 DM. |
|
Adverse effects ofExenatide, Liraglutide: |
Nausea, vomiting;pancreatitis |
|
Adverse effects of which drugs: Nausea, vomiting;pancreatitis |
GLP-1 analogs: Exenatide, Liraglutide |
|
name the DPP-4 inhibitors: |
Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin |
|
MOA of Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin: |
DPP-4 inhibitors: inc. insulin, dec. glucose |
|
clinical use of DPP-4 inhibitors: |
Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin: T2DM |
|
adverse effects of which drugs: Mild urinary or respiratoryinfections |
DPP-4 inhibitors: Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin: |
|
adverse effects of Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin: |
DPP-4 inhibitors: Mild urinary or respiratoryinfections. |
|
MOA of propylthiouracil: |
Block peroxidase, thereby inhibiting organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormonesynthesis. Propylthiouracil also blocks 5 '-deiodinase, which peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 . |
|
MOA of methimazole: |
Block peroxidase, thereby inhibiting organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis. doesn't have PTU's effect of inhibiting 5'-deiodionase peripherally |
|
Clinical use of which drugs: hyperthyroidism |
Propylthiouracil. methimazole |
|
clinical use of Propylthiouracil. methimazole: |
hyperthyroidism |
|
adverse effects of Propylthiouracil: |
Skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity propylthiouracil |
|
adverse effects of methimazole: |
Skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, possible teratogen |
|
adverse effects of which drug specifically: Skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity |
propylthiouracil |
|
adverse effects of which drug specifically: Skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, possible teratogen |
methimazole |
|
MOA of Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine: |
Thyroxine replacement |
|
Clinical use of Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine |
Hypothyroidism, myxedema. |
|
MOA of which drug: thyroxine replacement: |
Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine |
|
clinical use of which drugs: Hypothyroidism, myxedema |
Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine |
|
adverse effects of which drugs: Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias |
Levothyroxine. triiodothyronine |
|
adverse effects of Levothyroxine. triiodothyronine |
Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias. |
|
Clinical use of which drug: GH deficiency, Turner syndrome. |
GH |
|
Clinical use of GH: |
GH deficiency, Turner syndrome. |
|
Clinical use of Somatostatin/Octreotide: |
Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices |
|
Clinical use of which drug: Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices |
Somatostatin/Octreotide |
|
Clinical use of which drug: Stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down; controls uterine hemorrhage |
Oxytocin |
|
Clinical use of Oxytocin: |
Stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down; controls uterine hemorrhage |
|
clinical use of which drug: Central Diabetes Insipidus |
ADH/Desmopressin
|
|
clinical use of ADH/Desmopressin: |
Central Diabetes Insipidus |
|
MOA of Demeclocycline: |
ADH antagonist (member of the tetracycline family) |
|
MOA of which drug: ADH antagonist |
Demeclocycline |
|
Clinical use of Demeclocycline: |
SIADH |
|
Clinical use of which drug: SIADH |
Demeclocycline (ADH Antag.) |
|
adverse effects of Demeclocycline: |
Nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth (tetracycline) |
|
name the glucocorticoids: |
Hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone |
|
class of hydrocortisone |
glucocorticoid |
|
class of prednisone |
glucocorticoid |
|
class of triamcinolone |
glucocorticoid |
|
class of dexamethasone |
glucocorticoid |
|
class of beclomethosone |
glucocorticoid |
|
MOA of glucocorticoids: |
dec. production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expressionof COX-2 |
|
clinical use of glucocorticoids: |
Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma |
|
clinical use of which drugs: Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma. |
glucocorticoids |
|
adverse effects of glucocorticoids: |
Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome -buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thinskin, easy bruisability, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcers, diabetes (if chronic). Adrenal insufficiency when drug stopped abruptly after chronic use. |
|
adverse effects of which drugs: Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome -buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thinskin, easy bruisability, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcers, diabetes |
glucocorticoids: Hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone |