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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Palm method |
Used to detect percentage of burns on a patient. Patients hand = 1% Also called rule of 1's |
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Layers of skin |
Epidermis- watertight resilient barrier Dermis- has all sensory structures Subcutaneous- carries larger vessels and fatty. |
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Functions of skin |
Protect against -environment -infections Insulates underlying structures Regulates body temp Excretes waste |
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Contusion |
Closed wound (aka bruise) Swelling and discoloration, usually moments after incident |
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Hematoma |
Closed wound ( similar to contusion) Has tissue damage and potential greater blood loss |
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Abrasion |
Open wound Simple cuts and scrapes (superficially) |
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Laceration |
Open wound Deeper cuts typically to more than one layer of skin |
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Avulsion |
Open wound Flaps, loose, or removed skin tissue |
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Amputations |
Open wound Severed completely or hanging |
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Signs of internal bleeding |
Surface injuries
Bruising
Swelling
Bleeding from either mouth or anus
Dark stools or coffee ground vomiting
Rigid abdomen
Shock |
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Treatment for impaled object |
Expose wound
Control bleeding
Apply dressing
Leave impaled object in place unless poses a problem Care for shock Have patient comfortable Transport |
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Signs and symptoms flail chest |
Breathing pain Paradoxical motion Shock Hypoxic Broken ribs |
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Signs and symptoms cardiac tamponade |
Blood filling in pericardium Increased blood pressure and Heart rate Distented neck veins |
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Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax or tension pneumothorax |
Essentially air entering the chest cavity Tension pneumo is same thing except that it occurs when air cannot escape and begins to build up in the chest cavity. Trouble breathing Air bubbles under skin Wheezing or diminished lung sounds |
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3 sided dressing |
Flutter valve dressing and is used to prevent tension pneumothorax |
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Glasgow coma scale |
<14 considered in critical condition Eye opening ( 4 points) Verbal (5 points ) Motor ( 6 points ) |
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PMS |
Pulse Motor Sensory This is used for fractures when applying splint, before and after. |
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Traction splint |
High success rate and is used for leg injuries |
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Spinal column |
Cervical 7 (breakfast) Thoracic 12 (lunch) Lumbar 5 ( dinner) |
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Cushing reflex |
Increased BP Lower Heart rate Sign of rising intracranial pressure |
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Capillary permeability in burns |
It increases ability of fluid to leak in blood vessels which can lead to hypovolemic shock. Diminishes perfusion |
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Circumferential burns |
These are burns surround or around an area. Chest should be worrisome due to scarring restricted movement and causing lack of chest expansion. |
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Burns are classified as? |
Superficial, partial thickness, full thickness |
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Superficial burn |
Affects epidermis Reddish coloration Some swelling Can be painful due to sitting on top of some nerves Example: sun burns |
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Partial thickness |
Affects epidermis and dermis Painful due to majority of nerves in dermis Plasma and tissue fluid collects between layers of skin and blisters form |
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Full thickness burn |
Burns through all three layers of skin Skin is dry, hard, leathery, white and waxy, black or charred look Little to no pain due to most nerves being destroyed |
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Eschar |
Tough and leathery dead tissue in the full thickness burn |
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Factors in severity of burn |
Age (<5 and >55) less tolerance Source or agent Body region burned Depth or extent of burn Medical conditions |
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Treatment for burn victims |
Clean, keep patient warm, and transport. Nothing else! Wash any burn for around 20 minutes |
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Hollow organs? |
Stomach Intestines small and large Gall bladder Urinary bladder |
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Periosteum |
Strong white fiber around bones |
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Bone marrow function |
Site of red blood cell production |
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Types of fractures |
Comminuted- multiple fractures
Greenstick- incomplete fracture
Angulated- segmented fractures at angles |
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Sprain |
Stretching and tearing of ligaments or muscle Damage to connective tissue |
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Strain |
Stretching of muscle |
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Compartment syndrome |
Constant swelling till perfusion is not possible.
Body doing more harm than good |
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Ligament laxity typical in |
Pregnant women
Down syndromes |
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Dermatome |
Area of body innervated by one spinal nerve |
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Rule of nines |
Applies to burns victims and only applied to partial or full thickness burns. |
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5 types of burns |
Thermal
Inhaled
Electrical
Chemical
Radiation |
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Scald burn |
Contact with hot liquid |
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Electrical burns |
Causes more internal burns than external |
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Functions of musculoskeletal system |
Give body shape
Protect organs
Provide movement
Store salts and metabolic substances
Produces red blood cells for oxygen transport |
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Three types of muscles |
Cardiac- around the heart (involuntary)
Smooth- surrounds organs (involuntary)
Skeletal- everything that connects to a bone. Our movement muscles ( voluntary) |
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Tendons |
Connect muscle to bone |
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Ligaments |
Connect bone to bone |
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Cartilage |
Comprised of connective tissue
Strong
Smooth
Flexible
Shock absorber
Lowers amount of friction between bones |
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6 components of skeletal system |
Skull
Spine
Thorax
Pelvis
Lower extremities
Upper extremities |
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Skeletal system divided into |
Axial and appendicular skeleton |
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Axial skeleton |
Head
Thorax
Spine |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Extremities
Shoulders
Pelvis |
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Types of motion |
Flexion- bring in
Extension- push away
Adduction- bring closer to midline of body
Abduction- take away from midline
Rotation- rotate
Circumduction- hips and shoulders to move in multiple directions, circular motion |
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Fracture |
Break in continuity of bone |
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Types of fracture |
Open- breaks through skin
Closed- within the skin |
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Osteoporosis |
Bone disorder that weakens bones and makes fractures likelier to occur |
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Types of injuries |
Direct force Indirect force Twisting or rotation force |
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Fracture to pelvis or femur |
Expect Major blood loss |
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Traction splint goals |
Align ends of bone to prevent inury and reduce pain Allow less blood to accumulate |
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Types of splints |
Rigid Pressure- blow up ones Traction- provide a counterpull Formable- malleable Vacuum- suck out air and becomes rigid Improvise |
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Qualifications for improvised splint |
Light Wide Long enough Padded well |
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Parethesia |
Pricking or tingling felt when loss of sensation |
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Traction splint contraindicated when |
Injury is close proximity to knee Knee hip or pelvis is injured |
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Steps for treatment of fractures |
Assess ABC Immobilize and splint Elevate Apply cold packs |
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Brain occupies how much of the skull? |
80-90% |
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3 major divisions of brain |
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem |
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Three meninges that enclose brain |
Dura mater Arachnoid membrane Pia mater These are layers of tissue |
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Types of skull fractures |
Linear Depressed- pushed inward Closed Open Basilar- base of skull fracture ( often causes leakage of cerebrospinal fluid) |
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DAI |
Diffuse axonal injury Shearing- tearing- stretching of nerve fibers in brain Concussion is a mild case of DAI |
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Signs of concussion |
Momentary confusion Amnesia Combativeness Inappropriate behavior Nausea Vomiting Restlessness |
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Types of subdural hematoma |
Acute- immediately after injury Occult- bleeding occurs for long time before symptoms occur |
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Subdural hematoma |
Blood between the dura mater and arachnoid layer of brain. Bleeding from small bridging veins |