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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scene size up |
Steps taken when approaching the scene of an emergency call: checking scene safety, taking Standard Precautions, nothing the mechanism of injury or nature of the patient's illness, determining the number of patients, and deciding what, if any, additional resources to call for. |
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What do you do as you're near a scene? |
Look and listen for approaching units. Signs of collision-related power outage. Observe traffic flow. Look for smoke. |
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Danger zone |
Area around wreckage of a vehicle collision or other incident within which special safety precautions should be taken. |
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No apparent hazard |
50 feet in all directions from the wreckage. |
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When fuel has been spilled |
100 feet in all directions from the wreckage and fuel. |
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vehicles on fire |
100 feet in all directions |
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When hazardous material is involved |
Check ERG or CHEMTREC |
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Signals of danger from violence. |
Fighting or loud voices. Weapons visible or in use. Signs of alcohol or other drugs. Unusual silence. Knowledge of prior violence. |
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Mechanism of injury |
Force or forces that may have caused injury. |
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Types of force |
Direct. Twisting. Forced flexion or hypertension. Indirect. |
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Explain why there are 3 collisions involved in motor vehicle accident? |
1. vehicle strikes object. 2. patient's body strikes interior of vehicle. 3. Organs of patient strike surface within the body. |
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Type of injuries in a Head on collision |
1. Up and over pattern. 2. Down and under pattern. |
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Up and over pattern may cause... |
Head and neck injuries. Chest and abdomen. |
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Rear end collision may cause |
Neck and head injuries |
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Down and under may cause... |
Knees, legs and hip injuries. |
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Rollover collision |
Potentially the most serious because of the potential of multiple impacts. |
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What is considered a fall for adult? |
Fall of or greater than 20 feet. |
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What is considered a fall for child under 15? |
Fall of or greater than 10 feet OR more than 2 or 3 times the child's height. |
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Penetrating trauma |
Injury cause by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissues. |
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Penetrating trauma wounds are classified by... |
Velocity or speed of the item that caused the injury. |
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Low velocity items |
Those that are propelled by hand, such as knives. |
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Medium velocity |
Caused by handguns and shotguns. Forcefully propelled items. |
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What is damage directly from projectile ? |
Damage to organs and tissues not directly in a straight line between entry and exit wounds. |
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Blunt force trauma |
Injury caused by some blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues. |
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Index of suspicion |
Awareness that there might be injuries. |
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Nature of the illness |
What is medically wrong with patient |
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Primary assessment |
First element in patient assessment. Steps taken for the purpose of discovering and dealing with any life threatening problems. |
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6 parts of primary assessment. |
1. Forming general impression. 2. Assessing mental status. 3. Assessing airway. 4. Assessing breathing. 5. Assessing circulation. 6. Determine priority |
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Interventions |
Actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems. |
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General impression |
Impression of patient's condition that is formed on first approaching the patient based on patient's environment, chief complaint, and appearance. |
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The look test |
Instinctual approach.this comes from environmental observations as well as from the brief but valuable information obtained by the first look of the patient as EMT approach. |
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What to do with a patient who appears lifeless? |
Begin CPR compressions and preparing defibrillator ASAP. |
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Tripod position indicates ..... |
Difficulty breathing |
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Levine's sign indicates... |
Significant chest pain or discomfort. |
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Chief complaint |
The reason EMS was called. |
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You form a general impression by... |
looking, listening,and smelling. |
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AVPU |
Alert Verbal response Painful response Unresponsive |
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To evaluate circulation |
Assess pulse, skin and bleeding. |
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Vital sign |
Respiration Pulse Skin color Temperature Pupils Blood pressure |
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What is important about obtaining vital signs? |
Record all vital signs as you obtain them, along with the time at which you took them. |
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Pulse |
Pumping action of the hear is normally rhythmic. |
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Pulse rate |
Number of pulse rates per minute |
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Tachycardia |
Rapid pulse. Any rate above 100/ minute. |
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Bradycardia |
Slow pulse. Rate below 60 beats/ minute. |
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Pulse quality |
The rhythm and force of the pulse |
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Radial pulse |
Pulse felt on the wrist. |
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Respiration |
Act of breathing |
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Respiratory rate |
Number of breaths taken in 1 minute |
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Respiratory quality |
Normal or abnormal character of breathing. Shallower, labored, or noisy. |
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Normal respiratory rate for adult |
12- 20 breaths / minute |
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Best places to assess color in adults |
Nail beds, inside of the cheek, inside of lower eyelids. |
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Blood pressure |
The force of blood against the walls of blood vessels. |
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Systolic blood pressure |
Pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into arteries. |
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Diastolic blood pressure |
Pressure remaining in arteries when left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling. |
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Normal blood pressure |
Systolic pressure of no greater than 120mmHg ( millimeters of mercury) and diastolic of no more than 80mmHg. |
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Hypertension |
140/ 90 mmHg or greater. Heart disease, stroke, or kidney disease. |
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Febrile |
Feverish |
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Septic |
Suffering from a generalized infection. |
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Core temperature |
Reflect the level of heat inside the trunk. |
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Tympanic thermometer |
Measure temperature in the ear. Commercially available and frequently used but not accurate enough for EMS use. |
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Pulse oximeter |
Electronic device for determining the amount of oxygen carried in the blood. Known as oxygen saturation or SpO² |
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Oxygen Saturation |
Ratio of the amount of oxygen present in the blood to the amount that could be carried, expressed as percentage. |
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Typical oxygen saturation? |
96% - 100% |
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91-95 SpO² |
Mild hypoxia |
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86- 90 SpO² |
Significant or moderate hypoxia |
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85 or less SpO² |
Severe hypoxia |
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Normal blood glucose level |
At least 60 -80 mg/dL milligrams per deciliter. |
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Two categories of trauma |
Non significant- focus assessment. Significant- rapid trauma head to toe assessment. |
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HPI history of the present illness |
Information gathered regarding the symptoms and nature of the patient's current concern. |
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3 techniques of physical examination |
Inspection Palpation Auscultation |
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Abnormalities |
DCAP- BTLS Deformities Contusions Abrasions/ scrapes Punctures / penetration Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling |
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Sign |
Objective. Something you see, feel, hear, and smell when examining. |
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Symptom |
Subjective. Indication you cannot observe but patient feels and tells you about. |