Emt Chapter 9 Airway Management

Front 1

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.

Back 1

aerobic metabolism

Front 2

Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths; sometimes seen in dying patients.

Back 2

agonal respirations

Front 3

The upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth, and throat.

Back 3

airway

Front 4

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume.

Back 4

alveolar ventilation

Front 5

A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas

Back 5

American Standard System

Front 6

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.

Back 6

anaerobic metabolism

Front 7

Absence of spontaneous breathing.

Back 7

apnea

Front 8

In the context of airway, the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs.

Back 8

aspiration

Front 9

A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated.

Back 9

automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

Front 10

A device with a one-way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen

Back 10

bag-mask device

Front 11

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.

Back 11

ataxic respirations

Front 12

A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient's body fluids.

Back 12

barrier device

Front 13

A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline.

Back 13

bilateral

Front 14

Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli.

Back 14

bronchioles

Front 15

Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi.

Back 15

carina

Front 16

Monitor the levels of O2, CO, and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body's needs at any given time.

Back 16

chemoreceptors

Front 17

The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation.

Back 17

compliance

Front 18

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.

Back 18

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Front 19

Pressure on the cricoid cartilage; applied to occlude the esophagus to inhibit gastric distention and regurgitation of vomitus in the unconscious patient.

Back 19

cricoid pressure

Front 20

The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not participate in gas exchange.

Back 20

dead space

Front 21

A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 21

diffusion

Front 22

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Back 22

dyspnea

Front 23

The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs.

Back 23

exhalation

Front 24

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration.

Back 24

external respiration

Front 25

A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or the back of the throat.

Back 25

gag reflex

Front 26

A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation.

Back 26

gastric distention

Front 27

The space in between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult's airway; also called the glottic opening.

Back 27

glottis

Front 28

A term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With good air exchange, the patient is still conscious and able to cough forcefully, although wheezing may be heard.

Back 28

good air exchange

Front 29

A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients.

Back 29

head tilt–chin lift maneuver

Front 30

Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.

Back 30

hypercarbia

Front 31

A dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen.

Back 31

hypoxia

Front 32

A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.

Back 32

hypoxic drive

Front 33

Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route.

Back 33

inhalation

Front 34

The exchange of gases between the blood cells and the tissues.

Back 34

internal respiration

Front 35

Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart.

Back 35

intrapulmonary shunting

Front 36

Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury.

Back 36

jaw-thrust maneuver

Front 37

Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and usually requires the use of accessory muscles.

Back 37

labored breathing

Front 38

A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structures that all work together; where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; also called the voice box.

Back 38

larynx

Front 39

A fixed flow/rate ventilation device that delivers a breath every time its button is pushed; also referred to as a flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device.

Back 39

manually triggered ventilation device

Front 40

Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi, and esophagus; located between the two lungs.

Back 40

mediastinum

Front 41

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells.

Back 41

metabolism (cellular respiration)

Front 42

Occurs when a foreign body partially obstructs the patient's airway. The patient is able to move adequate amounts of air, but also experiences some degree of respiratory distress.

Back 42

mild airway obstruction

Front 43

The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space; calculated by multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate; also referred to as minute volume.

Back 43

minute ventilation

Front 44

An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patient's nostrils; delivers 24% to 44% supplemental oxygen, depending on the flow rate.

Back 44

nasal cannula

Front 45

Airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of an unresponsive patient, or a patient with an altered level of consciousness who is unable to maintain airway patency independently.

Back 45

nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway

Front 46

The nasal cavity; formed by the union of facial bones and protects the respiratory tract from contaminants.

Back 46

nasopharynx

Front 47

A combination mask and reservoir bag system that is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting; delivers up to 90% inspired oxygen and prevents inhaling the exhaled gases (carbon dioxide).

Back 47

nonrebreathing mask

Front 48

Airway adjunct inserted into the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway, if necessary.

Back 48

oropharyngeal (oral) airway

Front 49

Forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, which is bordered superiorly by the hard and soft palates, laterally by the cheeks, and inferiorly by the tongue.

Back 49

oropharynx

Front 50

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

Back 50

oxygenation

Front 51

Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity.

Back 51

parietal pleura

Front 52

The term used to describe the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood.

Back 52

partial pressure

Front 53

Open, clear of obstruction.

Back 53

patent

Front 54

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur.

Back 54

phrenic nerve

Front 55

A system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connected to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas.

Back 55

pin-indexing system

Front 56

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.

Back 56

pneumothorax

Front 57

A term used to describe the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With poor air exchange, the patient often has a weak, ineffective cough, increased difficulty breathing, or possible cyanosis and may produce a high-pitched noise during inhalation (stridor).

Back 57

poor air exchange

Front 58

Mechanical maintenance of pressure in the airway at the end of expiration to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs.

Back 58

positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Front 59

An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.

Back 59

pulse oximetry

Front 60

A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately.

Back 60

recovery position

Front 61

The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

Back 61

residual volume

Front 62

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Back 62

respiration

Front 63

Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration.

Back 63

retractions

Front 64

A technique that is used with intubation in which pressure is applied on either side of the cricoid cartilage to prevent gastric distention and aspiration and allow better visualization of vocal cords; also called cricoid pressure.

Back 64

Sellick maneuver

Front 65

Occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patient's airway. Patients cannot breathe, talk, or cough.

Back 65

severe airway obstruction

Front 66

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin.

Back 66

stoma

Front 67

A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration.

Back 67

stridor

Front 68

A hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patient's airway.

Back 68

suction catheter

Front 69

A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome.

Back 69

surfactant

Front 70

A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side

Back 70

tension pneumothorax

Front 71

The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath.

Back 71

tidal volume

Front 72

Large, semirigid suction tips recommended for suctioning the pharynx; also called Yankauer tips.

Back 72

tonsil tips

Front 73

Surgical opening into the trachea.

Back 73

tracheostomy

Front 74

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

Back 74

ventilation

Front 75

Thin membrane that covers the lungs

Back 75

visceral pleura

Front 76

The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible.

Back 76

vital capacity

Front 77

Thin white bands of tough muscular tissue that are lateral borders of the glottis and serve as the primary center for speech production.

Back 77

vocal cords

Front 78

The production of whistling sounds during expiration such as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.

Back 78

wheezing