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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body.
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acidosis
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Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, and rales.
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adventitious breath sounds
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The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.
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alkalosis
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A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
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allergen
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An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
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anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
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An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.
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asthma
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Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.
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atelectasis
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Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi.
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bronchial breath sounds
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Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.
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bronchiolitis
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An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever.
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bronchitis
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A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.
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carbon dioxide retention
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An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.
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carbon monoxide
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Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke.
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chronic bronchitis
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A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction.
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose.
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common cold
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An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.
diphtheria |
croup
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Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
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dyspnea
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A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage.
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embolus
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A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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emphysema
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Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is "expected," based on recent experience.
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epidemic
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A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction.
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epiglottitis
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An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis.
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hay fever
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Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal.
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hyperventilation
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This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min.
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hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)
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A dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen.
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hypoxia
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A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.
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hypoxic drive
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A Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.
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influenza type
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An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious.
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meningococcal meningitis
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A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.
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metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
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A bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract.
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methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
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The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs.
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oxygenation
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An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.
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pandemic
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An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection.
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pertussis (whooping cough)
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A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.
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pleural effusion
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Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.
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pleuritic chest pain
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An inflammation/infection of the lung from a bacterial, viral, or fungal cause.
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pneumonia
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Inflammation of the lung.
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pneumonitis
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A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.
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pneumothorax
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A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.
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pulmonary edema
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A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.
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pulmonary embolism
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A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles.
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rales
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The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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respiration
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A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets.
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respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.
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rhonchi
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Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms.
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severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma.
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small-volume nebulizer
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A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration.
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stridor
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A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys.
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tuberculosis (TB)
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Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli.
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vesicular breath sounds
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The production of whistling sounds during expiration such as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
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wheezing
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